SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY AS A SOURCE OF NEW ONTOLOGICAL CONTENT OF MODERN SCIENCE
Evgeniya Mikhailovna Nikolaeva, Mark Vladimirovich Lagutin
Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
Keywords: technoscience, ontological composition, ontic, synthetic biology, technoepistemic object, technoscientific experimental system
Abstract
The article attempts to comprehend the influence of such engineering science as synthetic biology on the ontological content of the direction in science known as technoscience. The author explicates the ontic composition of synthetic biology and further constructs the ontological content of this engineering-scientific direction. Specific examples of mutual influence of ontic and ontological are considered. The author has chosen the concept of distinction and mutual influence of ontic and ontological of German existentialist philosopher M.Heidegger as a theoretical and methodological basis for detecting changes in the ontological content of synthetic biology. The concepts of “technoepistemic object” and “technoscientific experimental system” by German philosophers T.Kohl and J.Falk, as well as the classification of objects by French philosopher Bernadette Bensaud-Vincent were used to investigate the modern ontological technoscience. For a more holistic ontological picture, some specific achievements and works of synthetic biologists were used. As a result, a causal determination between the ontic and the ontological is discovered, where the ontic, expanding and multiplying, is necessary to form new ontological-epistemological categories designed to characterise and explain such an entity, which did not exist before synthetic biology. The author has discovered possible conditions for the transformation of an epistemic object into a technoepistemic one, among which is the fulfilment of four criteria: they are familiar/ recognisable, value-laden, performative and have unrestricted materiality.
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