Bioethical training in medical education: Western and Russian specifics
P. G. Vorontsov, V. P. Dick, N. V. Kulipanova
Altai State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Barnaul, Russia
Keywords: medical education, the discipline of Bioethics, modern trends in human philosophy, and sociocultural approaches in bioethics
Abstract
Introduction. The article analyzes different approaches to teaching the discipline of Bioethics in medical universities, which is a comprehensive subject that combines humanitarian knowledge in the form of professional ethics for doctors, as well as an analysis of a number of modern biomedical technologies from the perspective of moral relations between doctors and patients. Methodology. The article uses systemic-philosophical and axiological methods, as well as sociocultural, ethical, and comparative approaches to the problem of teaching bioethics. Discussion. The article substantiates the position that the transformation of philosophical and anthropological issues in the modern world naturally affects a number of humanities-related educational disciplines in Russian higher education institutions, including the teaching of bioethics in medical universities. The article analyzes more general contemporary philosophical views on the human being, ranging from holistic views (the human being as a holistic spiritual, moral, psychosocial, and bodily being) to partial views (the one-sided human being, the consumer human being, the service-oriented human being, the self-centered human being, the deconstructive human being, the cyberhuman being, and so on). Depending on the choice of philosophical views on the human being, the transformation of the humanities disciplines, including bioethics, occurs. In general, there are modern Western and Russian sociocultural approaches in this discipline. Conclusion. The traditional Russian philosophical and pedagogical approach focuses on the holistic content of the discipline of Bioethics, with a predominance of moral and ethical guidelines for the treatment of humans in medicine. In contrast, European approaches are more diverse and based on partial approaches, particularly in relation to the commercialization of medicine. This discipline, in a comparative perspective, requires the examination of different approaches to humans in medicine, with a critical analysis of the potential outcomes.
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