Biological diversity of the hydrobionts in watercourses of the Upper Amur basin under the influence of mining production
G. Ts. TSYBEKMITOVA1, M. I. GLADYSHEV2,3, I. E. MIKHEEV1,3, B. B. BAZAROVA1, A. P. KUKLIN1, E. Yu. AFONINA1, O. P. DUBOVSKAYA2,3, N. A. TASHLYKOVA1, E. S. KRAVCHUK2, S. V. KAZYKINA1, S. P. SHULEPINA3, S. V. BORZENKO1, A. B. SHOYDOKOV1, I. V. ZUEV2, V. I. KOLMAKOV2,3, P. Yu. ANDRUSHCHENKO2,3, A. A. SUKHANOV1, T. A. NOVGORODOVA4, V. V. GLUPOV4
1Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology of SB RAS, Chita, Russia
2Krasnoyarsk Science Centre of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
3Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
4Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Upper Amur basin, Transbaikal division, hydrobiology, biological diversity, hydrochemistry, watercourses
Abstract
The article presents the results of a study of the biological diversity of hydrobionts in the watercourses of the Upper Amur basin, located in the zone of influence of the mining facility of the mining company “Bystrinsky LLC” (BGRK). The Upper Amur Basin is a historical mining region. In addition to the functioning of the BGRK, other mining companies also produce ore and placer gold in this basin. The main studies of the impact of mining on the aquatic ecosystems of the Upper Amur basin are related to the study of the transboundary Argun River. The purpose of the work is to study the biological diversity of hydrobionts of watercourses of the Upper Amur basin, on the example of the Gazimur River, within the zone of possible negative impact of BGRK facilities. Currently, the hydrogeochemical anomaly of the mining area is a factor enriching the hydrochemical state of the aquatic environment. The high migration capacity of Al, As, Sr, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, V in the river waters under consideration allows them to accumulate to concentrations exceeding MPC, regardless of the degree of exposure to BGRK. Hydrobiological studies of the Gazimur River and its tributaries have shown that hydrobionts are represented by widespread species of Siberia and the Far East. Seasonal and interannual variations of biota are associated with changes in climatic, hydrochemical and hydrological indicators. One of the possible reasons for the low species richness and extremely low number of aquatic organisms near the BGRK (the Taina and Bystraya Rivers) may be the high turbidity of river water. Based on the results of the conducted research, indicator species of hydrobionts were identified for subsequent monitoring of the effects of mining on aquatic ecosystems.
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