Instruments and methods for long-term monitoring of optical properties of deep waters of Lake Baikal
A.D. Avrorin1, A.V. Avrorin1, V.M. Aynutdinov1, V.A. Allakhverdyan2, Z. Bardachova3,4, I.A. Belolaptikov2, E.A. Bondarev1, I.V. Borina2, N.M. Budnev5, A.R. Gafarov5, K.V. Golubkov1, N.S. Gorshkov2, T.I. Gress5, R. Dvornicky3, Zh.-A.M. Dzhilkibaev1, V.Y. Dik2,6, A.A. Doroshenko1, G.V. Domogatsky1, A.N. Dyachok5, T.V. Elzhov2, D.N. Zaborov1, S.I. Zavyalov2, D.Y. Zvezdov2, V.K. Kebkal7, K.G. Kebkal7, M.I. Kleimenov1, V.A. Kozhin8, M.M. Kolbin2, S.O. Koligaev9, K.V. Konischev2, A.V. Korobchenko2, A.P. Koshechkin1, M.V. Kruglov2, V.F. Kulepov10, A.A. Kulikov5, Y.E. Lemeshev5, R.R. Mirgazov5, D.V. Naumov2, A.S. Nikolaev8, D.P. Petukhov1, I.A. Perevalova5, E.N. Pliskovsky2, M.I. Rozanov11, E.V. Ryabov5, G.B. Safronov1, A.E. Sirenko2, A.V. Skurikhin8, A.G. Solovjev2, M.N. Sorokovikov2, A.P. Stromakov1, O.V. Suvorova1, V.A. Tabolenko5, V.I. Tretiak2, V.N. Fomin, I.V. Kharuk1, E.V. Khramov2, V.A. Chadymov, A.S. Chepurnov8, B.A. Shaybonov2, F. Simkovic3,4, E.V. Shirokov8, V.Yu. Shishkin8, I. Stekl4, E. Eckerova3,4, Y.V. Yablokova2
1Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
2Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
3Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Bratislava, Slovakia
4Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
5Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia
6Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan
7JSC "Laboratory of Hydroacoustic Telemetry and Navigation", St. Petersburg, Russia
8Moscow State University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russia
9LLC "Laboratory of Applied Information Technologies "Infrad", Dubna, Russia
10Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
11Saint-Petersburg State Marine Technical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: inherent optical properties, absorption, scattering, volume scattering function, long-term monitoring, Lake Baikal
Abstract
The development of the deep underwater neutrino telescope BAIKAL-GVD involves the creation of equipment for regular long-term monitoring of inherent optical properties (IOP) of the aquatic environment within the effective volume of the telescope. Regular monitoring of IOP not only allows increasing the accuracy of retrieving neutrino energy and direction, but also provides unique data for limnological studies. The article describes the design of the BAIKAL-5D devices developed to solve this problem and considers the methods and algorithms for in situ monitoring of IOP used in these devices. The sources of instrumental error in measuring the absorption and scattering of light in water are investigated and the necessary corrections are determined. Some results of measuring IOP of the deep waters of Lake Baikal using BAIKAL-5D devices are presented.
|
