Bioassay as a method for assessing the state of the territory of the object of accumulated environmental damage in the Gulf of Finland basin
T.V. BARDINA, V.I. BARDINA, V.V. KULIBABA
Saint-Petersburg Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences - Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: toxicity, soil, bottom soil, test culture, eluate methods, contact methods
Abstract
The ecosystem approach to assessing the object of accumulated environmental damage (AED) has been implemented; it consists in the possibility of using bioassay methods together with chemical-analytical methods for the environmental assessment of soils and bottom sediments of the closed authorized landfill located in the Gulf of Finland basin. It has been revealed that the cause of pollution of the basin territory is the long-term storage of mixed landfill masses without observing environmental protection technologies. It has been established that the current regulatory and methodological framework does not provide for reliable accounting of the factors of influence of AED objects, which leads to distortions of the parameters of eco-safety of territories and assessments of the impact on the surrounding geosystems. New pollutants with high toxicity can be formed at the objects of accumulated environmental damage. Their presence cannot be predicted only on the basis of chemical analysis. In this regard, the environmental control system should involve integral methods for assessing the toxicity of natural environments, which include bioassay. Bioassay, which performs the function of tactical control, allows us to approach the assessment of the impact of AED objects on the ecosystem and to quickly establish the danger of the object for the environment. In this work, ecotoxicological studies of soils and bottom soils by bioassay methods were carried out using a set of biotest systems including representatives of different trophic levels (crustaceans, infusoria, algae, and seeds of higher plants). The study used eluate and contact bioassay methods, which enabled to determine the most sensitive biotests. The obtained research results make it possible to properly justify scientific and applied solutions for the restoration of the cumulative technogenic background of natural and economic systems located in the Gulf of Finland basin.
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