EVOLUTION OF THE METHODOLOGY OF CLINICAL TRIALS
Mariya Andreevna Nartova
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: clinical trials, biomedical experiment, placebo, history of science, bioethics
Abstract
Since the dawn of pharmacotherapy, one of the main questions has been which drug is effective for treating a particular disease. Researchers agree that the formation of experimental foundations for testing the effectiveness of drugs dates back to the period of the scientific revolution of the 17th century, when James Lind carried out an experiment on treating scurvy with citrus fruits, and the first clinical trial conducted according to the canons of modern evidence-based medicine dates back to 1948. The article provides a retrospective analysis of some pharmacotherapy practices that preceded this period in order to trace the development of clinical trial methodology from stochastic practices to meaningful scientific decisions that resulted in the formation of a modern paradigm of biomedical experiments involving of humans as subjects. The relevance of the study is based on the identification and description of the main stages in the development of the study of pharmacotherapy practices, which is why this review seems important for further study of the history of clinical trials.,
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