ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT OF ANTHROPOGENICALLY DISTURBED TERRITORIES: PROBLEMS AND WAYS OF IMPROVEMENT (A CASE STUDY OF KALININGRAD OBLAST)
G.M. Barinova, A.Y.U. Romanchuk, D.V. Gaeva
Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
Keywords: environmental management, anthropogenic impact, territorial environmental audit, legislative framework, optimization concept, socio-economic development
Abstract
It is shown that under the modern conditions of economic development and the need to ensure environmental safety, it is necessary to use more advanced mechanisms for assessing natural conditions, especially in anthropogenically disturbed territories. The article summarizes the information and provides a brief overview of the studies that reveal the concept of environmental audit. The role of the regulatory framework for conducting an environmental audit procedure as the main means of implementing state policy in the field of greening production is substantiated. The sequence of development and implementation of standards for the environmental management and auditing system standards both in the Russian Federation and abroad is considered. The article proposes an algorithm for conducting a territorial environmental audit, which includes five stages, taking into account functional zoning based on landscape planning tools, assessment of conflicts in environmental management associated with natural and anthropogenic risks, and introduction of a modern GIS system based on geoecological monitoring. The problems arising during the territorial environmental audit caused by the imperfection of the regulatory framework, lack of funds, high cost of its implementation, absence of an objective assessment of risks and the permissible load on the natural environment are indicated. Attention is drawn to the need to improve the existing environmental management system, increase the role of environmental education of the population, including employees of enterprises and municipal government bodies. A system for optimizing environmental management has been developed, including natural, geoecological, social and economic subsystems. Using the example of Kaliningrad oblast, located on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea, recommendations on the use of environmental audit mechanisms and tools for balanced, rational and safer regional environmental management have been formulated.
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