ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTENT OF HEAVY METALS AND ION-SALT COMPOSITION OF THE RIVERS IN THE CITY OF VLADIMIR
T.A. Trifonova1,2, O.G. Selivanov2, A.A. Martsev2,3, I.N. Kurochkin2, Y.U.N. Kurbatov2, L.N. Romanova2
1Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
2Vladimir State University, Vladimir, Russia
3Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
Keywords: surface waters, river pollution, heavy metals, anions and cations, public health
Abstract
The article presents the results of the assessment of the content of heavy metals in the water of the rivers of the city of Vladimir and studies their ion-salt composition. Water samples were collected during the summer low-water period from the Klyazma and Nerl Rivers and their tributaries, namely, the Sodyshka, Rpen and Lybed small rivers, flowing within the city. It was found that the samples contain excesses of hygienic standards for the content of Cd (95 MAC, Sodyshka River), Fe (1,04-3,42 MAC, in all the studied rivers), Pb (1,0-2,1 MAC, Lybed and Nerl Rivers), while the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, V, Co do not exceed the established hygienic standards. When comparing the content of heavy metals in the studied rivers (in addition to the above mentioned Cd, Fe, Pb) with their MAC for fishery water, an excess of the MAC is observed in all the studied rivers for the content of copper (by a factor of 3,0-46), zinc (2,5-24) and vanadium (6-9), which poses a threat to hydrobionts and phytocenoses of the urban water bodies. The sources of pollution of the urban rivers with heavy metals are untreated or poorly treated industrial wastewater, emissions from industrial enterprises and the fuel and energy complex, and gas-air emissions from motor vehicles. The high content of Fe in the Klyazma and Nerl is also due to a number of natural factors associated with the influence of the tributaries of these rivers, draining wetlands rich in iron compounds, as well as with the regional specifics of the formation of the geochemical composition of groundwater. The analysis of the cation-anion composition of surface waters in the city of Vladimir showed that a number of river water samples did not comply with the established hygienic and fishery standards. In the Sodyshka River, concentrations of nitrates (1,17-2,31 MAC), fluorides (25-49,5 MAC), and phosphates (1,7-61,65 MAC) exceed the standards for fishery water. An excess of magnesium was also noted (1,38 MAC), which is associated with insufficient purification of industrial wastewater at the treatment facilities of the local poultry farm. The ingress of such wastewater containing excess phosphorus and nitrogen into surface water bodies causes their increased eutrophication, which adversely affects the ecological conditions of the functioning of small river watercourses, reducing their self-purifying ability.
|
