Morphofunctional features of the internal organs of migratory and nesting birds living in places of emergency oil spills
A. V. KIREEVA1, O. A. KOLENCHUKOVA2,3, E. N. ESIMBEKOVA1,3, A. P. SAVCHENKO3, V. L. TEMEROVA3, V. I. EMELYANOV3, N. V. KARPOVA3
1Krasnoyarsk Science Centre of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
2Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
3Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Keywords: petroleum products, morphology, pathohistology, migratory birds, nesting birds, Ambarnaya River, Bolshaya Protoka
Abstract
As a result of a spill and leakage of diesel fuel from storage tanks in Norilsk, oil products entered adjacent water bodies, reaching Lake Pyasino. The objects of the study were nesting and migrating geese, their organs and tissues. An aerial survey was conducted in 2021-2023, and counts in aggregations were made using photographs. For monitoring and establishment of sampling sites, the territory was divided into 4606 squares (1 km2), of which 1205 sites (149 impact sites and 1056 control sites) were identified. After their ranking and species richness analysis, 5 most contaminated and 7 control sites were identified. Nesting birds showed the greatest changes in liver, lungs and heart. Brown-colored foreign particles were present in the blood, diffusely distributed throughout the circulatory system and noted in the blood in all organs under study. At the same time in all groups of birds a pronounced invasion in the organs under study was detected. The studied birds showed disorders of hematopoiesis, venous hemorrhage, edema and hemorrhages in lungs, bronchopneumonia, hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, fatty dystrophies in parenchyma, focal necroses in liver. The presence of brown-colored foreign particles was observed in the blood. With prolonged exposure to a toxicant there is a transition of the organism from a stress state to a shock state. In this case, free kinins, which are vasoactive polypeptides, play a significant role. Thus, after chronic exposure to petroleum products, pronounced pathologies of internal organs characterized by disorders of hepatobiliary, cardiovascular and respiratory systems were observed. The hypothesis that oil product spills during accidents, as well as their residual presence after territory cleanup are toxic for both nesting and migratory birds of the wetland complex was confirmed. However, pathohistological changes in the liver, lungs and heart are more pronounced in nesting species.
|
