Variability of some countable characters and polymorphism of the mitochondrial DNA fragment, including the nd1 gene, of whitefish of the Coregonus lavaretus sensu lato group from water bodies of northern Europe
D. S. SENDEK1, N. A. BOCHKAREV1,2, E. I. ZUYKOVA1,2, A. P. NOVOSELOV3, S. F. TITOV1, M. Yu. ALEXEEV4, E. I. BOZNAK5, N. V. ILMAST6
1Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Saint Petersburg Branch, Petersburg, Russia
2Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
3Federal Research Center for Comprehensive Study of the Arctic named after N. P. Laverov of UB RAS, Arkhangelsk, Russia
4Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Polar Branch, Murmansk, Russia
5Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biology, Syktyvkar, Russia
6Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biology, Petrozavodsk, Russia
Keywords: Coregonus lavaretus s. l, Europe, Siberia, mtDNA, haplotypes, haplogroups
Abstract
Phylogeographic and morphological analyzes of the whitefish Coregonus lavaretus of Europe, the level of polymorphism of the mtDNA nd1 gene indicate a relatively ancient origin of the populations inhabiting water bodies west of Jutland. It is suggested that these populations in Europe represent remnants of the primary wave of settlement by founders from Central Siberia (Lena River basin). In later waves of whitefish migrations from Siberia, synchronized in time with the events of repeated Lower Quaternary glaciations, whitefish settled west of the Urals from the lower reaches of large watercourses of Western Siberia (Ob River, Yenisei River), which evolved relatively independently of whitefish from Central Siberia. As a result of repeated events of settlement from disconnected periglacial refugia from the east and west, in the geographical space of Eastern Europe from the Baltic Sea to the Pechora River, whitefish haplotypes were greatly mixed. In addition to natural-historical reasons, the distribution of genetic variability in natural whitefish populations in Eastern Europe in recent decades has been influenced by fish hatchery activities for acclimatization and/or artificial maintenance of populations/species.
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