CHARACTERISTICS OF DRINKING-WATER SUPPLY TO THE POPULATION LIVING IN THE COASTAL ZONE OF LAKE BAIKAL ON THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA
I.D. Ulzetueva, D.T.S.-D. Zhamyanov
Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
Keywords: level, water use, water supply, water quality, sanitary and hygienic standards, Central Ecological Zone
Abstract
The issues of high-quality drinking water supply in the settlements of the coastal zone of Lake Baikal within the Kabanskii, Pribaikalskii, Barguzinskii and Severo-Baikalskii districts of the Republic of Buryatia are discussed in this article. The number of people living in the Central Ecological Zone (within the Republic of Buryatia) makes up 6,9 % of the total population of the republic. According to the state statistical reporting, the Kabanskii and Severo-Baikalskii districts consume the largest volume of water, mainly from underground sources, in the Barguzinskii and Pribaikalskii districts, and the use of surface water prevails. In the territory under consideration, centralized water supply is provided only in large settlements, such as the cities of Severobaikalsk and Babushkin, the village of Vydrino, and the Ust-Barguzin and Nizhneangarsk urban settlements, and the others are dominated by sources of decentralized water supply. An analysis of the water supply of the population showed that fluctuations in the Lake Baikal level affect both the quality and quantity of water used for domestic and drinking needs; in addition, as a result of an increase in the water level, water intakes may be subject to flooding, which may lead to a deterioration in sanitary and hygienic indicators. According to the state monitoring of the conditions of subsurface resources, the availability of predictive and operational resources of groundwater of drinking quality is very high. The ranking of the settlements of the Lake Baikal coastal zone in terms of the population proportion provided with drinking water that meets the requirements of sanitary legislation, as a result of which it was revealed that 99 % of the Severo-Baikalskii district population consume good-quality water, and in the other areas in rural settlements the situation is not the best way. In recent years, thanks to the “Clean Water” federal program, many settlements have been equipped with water supply networks, and it is also planned to build and reconstruct water intake facilities, which will reduce the risk of poor-quality drinking water.
|
