Legal regulation of economic activities in the Baikal natural territory
T.A. BOLDANOV1,2,3, A.K. TULOKHONOV4, T.B. BARDAKHANOVA4, S.N. IVANOVA4
1Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
2University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
3Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
4, Ulan-Ude, Russia
Keywords: level regime, protection of natural resources, economy of nature management, socio-economic development, population dynamics, standard of living
Abstract
This article provides a review and retrospective analysis of legal regulation of economic activities in the Baikal Natural Territory. An assessment and critical vision of the current issues of regulation of economic activities, use and protection of natural resources in the period of planned economy, in the period of post-perestroika and at present. It is emphasized that without proper scientific substantiation, laws can lead to irreversible changes in ecology and economy, and legal conflicts, which were illustrated by specific examples of modern practice. It is pointed out that significant restrictions for the development of economic activities, caused by the special regime of nature management in the Baikal Natural Territory, generally restrain economic, social and demographic development of the region. The results of the latest censuses after the beginning of economic reforms show a consistent trend of population and labor resources reduction throughout the entire Baikal natural territory. The article shows the directions of improving the tools of legal regulation of economic activities. It is proposed to use the mechanism of rent relations and the resulting rent effect in obtaining super-profits through the sale and use of the cheapest electricity in the country as well as to improve environmental legislation in terms of compensation for environmental damage. It is concluded that many environmental documents are outdated and require clarifications and additions, first of all, on the issue of regulating the level regime and bringing it closer to the natural state. The authors propose to optimally regulate the relationship between nature and society by nature-like technologies, which are maximally embedded in ecological systems.
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