THE MODERN AGRO-CLIMATIC POTENTIAL OF THE KARACHAI-CHERKESS REPUBLIC
L.R. Bekmurzaeva1, Sh.Sh. Zaurbekov2, V.V. Bratkov3
1Chechen Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, Branch of the North-Caucasus Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring Directorate, Grozny, Russia
2Academician Millionshchikov Grozny State Oil Technical University, Grozny, Russia
3Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: current climatic changes, agro-climatic conditions, temperature, precipitation, hydrothermal coefficient, humidity factor
Abstract
This article analyzes the modern agro-climatic potential of the Karachai-Cherkess Republic for the period from 1961 to 2020. It was found that the climate changes observed over 60 years within the flat temperate semi-humid and semi-arid landscapes contribute to an increase in agricultural productivity by improving the conditions of heat and moisture supply: the annual air temperature increased by 0.7 °C, the duration of the calendar period with an average daily air temperature exceeding 5 °C increased by 19 days, the sum of active temperatures increased by 7 %, and precipitation increased by 10 %. Accordingly, this suggests an improvement of the conditions for the growth and development of agricultural crops. Mountain landscapes with absolute altitudes of up to 2000 m show a rise of annual air temperature by 0.6-0.7 °C and of the precipitation amount by 5-11 %; as a result, an increase of the hydrothermal coefficient and humidity factor occurs. Noteworthy also is a tendency toward the softening of winters as well as an increase in average July temperature. Thus the mountain landscapes with absolute altitudes of up to 2000 m are facing favorable conditions for the growth and development of agricultural crops. In mountain landscapes with absolute altitudes (heights) over 2000 m, an increase in annual temperature by 0.4-0.7 °C is noted. A tendency toward milder winters and an increase in average July temperature in these landscapes are also observed; however, these landscapes show a deterioration in the conditions of moisture supply due to a decrease in precipitation and moisture indicators, such as the hydrothermal coefficient and the humidity factor; accordingly, there is taking place a deterioration of agro-climatic conditions.
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