SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF MIGRATION FACTORS IN THE ARCTIC REGION (case study of the Karelian Arctic)
A.D. Volkov1, A.V. Simakova2, S.V. Tishkov1
1Institute of Economics, Karelian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
2Budget Monitoring Center, Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russia
Keywords: Arctic Zone of Russia, Arctic region, human capital, migration, population survey, migration attitudes, differentiation of economic space
Abstract
The article analyzes the processes of human capital reproduction in the Karelian Arctic, one of the regions in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). Our research aims to identify the spatial differentiation of migration factors for people residing in this region. Migration attitudes of the population serve as the most important indicator that allows us to talk about spatially determined differences amid human capital reproduction. It has been established that the Karelian Arctic, as much as the whole AZRF, is characterized by a decrease in the population due to its normal aging and low rates of natural reproduction. A few indicators reflect the transition to positive dynamics in inter- and intra-regional migration, which is most likely associated with new large city-forming enterprises recently appeared in the Karelian Arctic. The revealed differentiation of the reasons determining the population’s migration attitudes reflects certain social and economic conditions critical for the reproduction of the regional socio-economic system. In the Karelian Arctic, the most prominent among them are the state of health care and education, prevailing economic underdevelopment, and uncertain general prospects for socio-economic development of the region and its municipalities. The pole of economic development and relative social well-being - Kostomuksha municipal district - is an exception to these rules. We uncover how the Karelian Arctic’s economic space differs in terms of human capital reproduction.
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