Demographic structure of Cypripedium calceolus L. populations in the European part of Russia under climate change
M. B. FARDEEVA1, N. A. CHIZHIKOVA1, E. L. ZHELEZNAYA2, A. A. KHAPUGIN3,4, L. V. PUCHNINA5, V. N. SULEIMANOVA6,7, M. M. ISHMURATOVAO8, L. V. TETERYUK9, V. N. ILYINA10, S. P. URBANAVICHUTE11, V. E. PROKHOROV1, N. Yu. EGOROVA6,7, M. I. NABIULLIN12, M. Sh. BARLYBAEVA13, G. N. KILDIYAROVA14, I. V. SUYUNDUKOV15, O. A. MARAKAEV16
1Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
2Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia Department of System Ecology, Moscow, Russia
3Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
4FSBI "Zapovednaya Mordovia", Saransk, Russia
5Pinezhsky State Nature Reserve, Pinega, Russia
6Vyatka State Agrotechnological University, Kirov, Russia
7Prof. Zhitkov Russian Research Institute of Game Management and Fur Farming, Kirov, Russia
8Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
9Institute of Biology FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia
10Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, Russia
11State Nature Reserve "Kerzhensky", Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia
12Bashkirsky Nature Reserve, Starosubkhangulovo, Russia
13Yuzhno-Uralsky Nature Reserve, Revet, Russia
14"Shulgan-Tash" Nature Biosphere Reserve, Irgizly, Russia
15Sibay Institute (Branch) of Bashkir State University, Sibay, Russia
16P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
Keywords: population dynamics, demographic structure, climatic factors
Abstract
The paper presents modern data on the demographic structure and population size of C. calceolus on the territory of European Russia. The assessment of the species distribution and population size is based on the classification of the terrestrial ecoregions of the World. The long-term dynamics of the number and age structure (150 populations) of C. calceolus was revealed for the 20-year research period 1997-2020. It has been reliably determined that the number of generative plants is positively related to temperature indicators, while the number of pregenerative groups depends on humidity factors and negatively on temperature. Three types of basic age spectra were identified: 1) centered 3 : 10 : 47 : 40 (juvenile (j): immature (im): virginal (v): generative (g)), the most common in the European part of the Russian Federation (RF); 2) bimodal 15 : 26 : 33 : 26 (j: im: v: g), mainly found in the western regions; 3) right-sided 0 : 3 : 13 : 82 : 2 (j : im : v : g : s), which is steadily appears in the continental climate of the eastern regions of European Russia. The current baseline spectra of C. calceolus populations differ from the baseline spectrum of the species given in the 20th century. The base spectra reliable depends on ecological-phytocenotic plant community structure and abiotic features of habitats, it was shown using the scales of ecological indicator values.
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