ECOLOGICAL-GEOGRAPHICAL PROBLEMATICS OF THE OIL AND GAS COMPLEX OF RUSSIA IN THE MEGA-ECOLOGY SYSTEM
V.I. BULATOV1, N.O. IGENBAEVA1, S.G. KUZMENKOV1, V.I. ISAEV1,2, R.Sh. AYUPOV1
1Yugra State University, 628012, Khanty-Mansiisk, ul. Chekhova, 16, Russia
vibul@rambler.ru
2Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050, Tomsk, pr. Lenina, 30, Russia
isaevvi@tpu.ru
Keywords: нефтяной сектор экономики, нефтегазодобыча, Большая экология, нефтегазовая экология, уг леводородный индикатор, региональная геоэкология, oil sector, oil and gas production, big ecology, oil and gas ecology, hydrocarbon indicator, regional geoecology
Abstract
It is shown that since the beginning of field development, a single natural and historical process of oil and gas generation and accumulation has been accompanied by the transformation of the entire complex of geological, biochemical, geochemical, thermobaric and hydrogeological environmental conditions and modern landscape genesis. Studying this process within the ter ritory of leading oil and gas production regions delivers interesting results in the three aspects of anthropogenic transformation of oil and gas geosystems: geotechnics (infrastructure), geotechnologies (extraction) and geotechnical metabolism (man-made me tabolism and matter cycles). The research done on regional geoecology dictates a need to study all stages of oil production. We determined the parameters of regional geoecology and oil and gas ecology for dealing with the currently important problems of assessing the operation of enterprises of the oil and gas sector in the context of the ecological policy of the Russian Federation. The integrated geographical approach implemented as part of mega-ecology is suggested for forecasting the results of the global process of technogenesis in the landscape sphere and for determining the most crucial parameters of sustainable development of Russia’s oil and gas regions. Ugra, the leader of Russia’s oil production (235,3 million tons, 43,3 %), faces issues with its resource base. Since 2009, there has been a production decline by 43 million tons in the region, with the watercut level in the main de posits reaching 90-95 %. The hydrocarbon indicator was developed and used in ranking 30 oil and gas regions. The most im portant indicators of oil and gas ecology are given to illustrate the situation with the oil and gas sector of the economy: from prospecting, exploration and well stimulation to declining production and closing businesses down. It is established that produc tion and processing of hydrocarbons are responsible for 55 % of atmospheric emissions of pollutants, 33 % of polluted effluents, 35 % of solid waste and 80 % of the total volume of greenhouse gases.
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