Enzymatic biotesting: scientific basis and application
E. N. Esimbekova1,2, I. G. Torgashina1, V. P. Kalyabina1,2, V. A. Kratasyuk1,2
1Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
2Institute of Biophysics of SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Keywords: biotesting, enzymatic bioassays, bioluminescence, environmental monitoring, pesticides, heavy metals
Abstract
The paper provides a review of the current state of research in the field of biotesting. Authors discuss the problems of environmental studies and ways to solve them. The basic principles and examples of the use of enzymes for the detection of toxicants in various environmental samples are considered. Based on the analysis of numerous published data, the advantages and limitations, as well as the prospects for using enzymes for performing biotesting tasks, are estimated. A separate section of the review is devoted to bioluminescent enzymatic bioassays developed by the authors. These bioassays are successfully implemented for environmental monitoring of water, soil, and air. The necessity of developing a battery of enzymatic bioassays is substantiated. It allows to have the most complete and accurate information about the levels of environmental pollution.
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