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The article is devoted to new approaches to the universal history periodization in textbooks on History and Social Science published in the USSR in the 1920s. The author considers periodization variants given in the textbooks by A.A. Bogdanov, P.I. Kushner, A.I. Gukovsky & O.V. Trachtenberg. Despite the fact that the history of teaching social subjects in the Soviet school of the 1920s was actively explored in Soviet and post-Soviet historiography, the periodization of the historical process given in the textbooks of that time has not yet become the subject of researchers’ attention. The article objective is a comparative analysis of the above-mentioned periodizations and their correlation with the intellectual context of the epoch. As a result of a comparative analysis of the periodization data, the paper reveals a significant similarity between the periodizations in the textbooks by Kushner, Gukovsky & Trakhtenberg with that ones in the works by Bogdanov. This similarity is explained by the indirect influence of Bogdanov’s ideas and the general intellectual situation of the first third of the XX century. Bolshevik leaders, who assimilated elements of his historical concepts, acted as intermediaries in broadcasting Bogdanov’s views during the years of joint participation in the revolutionary movement. After establishing the Soviet power their writings became ideological models for writing textbooks on social studies. The similarity of the aforementioned periodizations caused by the intellectual situation of the time manifested itself in forming ideas of the historical evolution’s multilinearity and reversibility, and the historical classification conventionality based on the society’s correlation with one of the economic forms. These ideas corresponded to the general trends of the foreign historiosophical thought’s development in the first third of the XX century. However, in the early 1930s, Soviet historiography abandoned these concepts due to political reasons first of all.