Home – Home – Jornals – Humanitarian sciences in Siberia 2021 number

The article presents a modern vision of the research history of the Poltse culture origin in the eastern Amur Basin. The main database appeared as a result of excavations in the 1960s of settlements of this culture near Kukelevo village at the Kochkovatka River, tributary of the Amur River. New excavations of the Poltse culture Zheltyy Yar, Malmyzh-1 sites aimed to obtain new material to clarify the situation with its early stage. However, they made it possible to identify artifacts of this culture’s late period and transition of population of the eastern Amur Basin to the early Middle Ages. Its formation on the basis of the Uril culture was attributed to the VII-VI centuries BC since the beginning of the study of the Poltse culture. Further studies of the pottery of the Ural and Poltse cultures proved their coexistence within the V century BC. The new radiocarbon dates for dwelling 1 of Zheltyy Yar site with Uril ceramic vessels have shown its existing in the II century BC. The author suggests that the Kolchem-type ceramics of the Lower Amur are very close to those of the Uril culture, and their carriers existed on the margins of the Poltse culture world at the turn of the era. These facts indicate that later the population of the Uril culture could live together in the same territory complementing each other with the achievements of their cultures in housing construction, everyday life and economic activity during the period of assimilation by the early carriers of the Poltse traditions. At the present stage of the study of the Poltse culture, certain changes have taken place in the perceptions of its genesis, new radiocarbon dates of some settlements have appeared, but the conclusion about the Uril component as the basis of its formation remains in the first place. The migration direction is not clearly indicated. The Chinese researchers see the similarity of the Wanyanhe and Guntulin culture materials in the Amur Basin (Heilongjiang) with the Poltse culture. However, they do not deny the participation of the Uril culture’s population in their formation in the new territory.