Shoot formation model as basis for adaptations of flowering plants
N. P. Savinykh, S. V. Shabalkina
Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia
Keywords: модель побегообразования, побег, модуль, условия переменного обводнения, поливариантность развития, адаптация, shoot formation model, shoot, module, conditions of variable watering, development multivariance, adaptation
Abstract
The work is aimed at the description of biomorphology of plants living in variable flooding conditions. The results expand the concept of modular organization as a constructive and representative way of comparative morphological analysis and explanation of the mechanisms of biomorph evolution. Structural organization of biomorphs in the gradient of change in the stability of humidification from floodplain meadows to coasts to water cuts and beaches: Solanum ulcamara , Thalictrum simplex , Lysimachia vulgaris , Lycopus europaeus , Stellaria palustris Persicaria amphibia , Erysimum cheiranthoides is studied from the perspective of a systemic and complementary approach. It has been determined that acceleration in the vegetative and generative spheres leads to the appearance of monocarpics in the hygrophilic line of evolution. It is shown that ontogenesis of individuals of seed and vegetative origin is reduced to a single fruiting and the specificity of the shoot formation model is preserved in plants in all considered biotopes. Specific signs identified: the presence of long internodes in the substrate, in the supersubstrate parts during flooding, in grass rags and dense grass under low light; sympodial growth by formation of shoots of substitution. On the model species, it was determined that plant adaptability is provided by changes in individual structural elements of monocarpic shoots, and the structural and functional zonation of monocarpic shoots determines the autonomization of parts of an individual. Our results allowed us to confirm that the monocarpic shoot and the system formed on its basis is one of the categories of axes of a herbaceous plant as part of an architectural unit (as understood by D. Barthelemy and Y. Caraglio). The data obtained showed that the settlement of reservoirs with flowering plants was possible from long-shoot long-rhizome grasses and subshrub lian in the following directions: 1) the emergence of monocarpic annuals; 2) the emergence of young and annual vegetative origin with the formation of acentric and clearly polycentric stolon-forming and root-shoot biomorphs.
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