MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF LITHIUM COMPOUNDS
Margarita Vladimirovna ROBINSON, Anastasiya Anatolyevna KOTLYAROVA, Anna Veniaminovna SHURLYGINA, Lyubov Nikiforovna RACHKOVSKAYA, Andrey Yuryevich LETYAGIN
Research Institute of
Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Branch of Federal Research Center
Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS
Keywords: препараты лития, заболевания нервной системы, механизмы действия, токсические эффекты лития, GSK-3β, IMPA1, твердый пористый носитель, lithium preparations, diseases of the nervous system, mechanisms of action, toxic effects of lithium, GSK-3β, IMPA1, solid porous carrier
Abstract
This review summarizes the
literature data on the role of lithium compounds in modern
pharmacotherapy of various diseases of the central nervous system.
Attention is also paid to other therapeutic properties of lithium in
atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hematopoietic
disorders, inflammation, and diseases of the urinary system. Possible
ways of delivering lithium into the body have been charted, in
particular, when lithium salt is combined with a sorbent (solid porous
carrier). Such compounds have additional therapeutic properties. Data on
the significance of lithium compounds in studies on models of diseases
of the nervous system in animals are analyzed. Among these models,
models of neonatal ischemia/hypoxia of the brain in vivo ,
neurodegenerative diseases, psychopathological states (aggressiveness,
depression) and craniocerebral injury are discussed. There are
researches in which the results of the lithium preparations use in
clinical practice are investigated. It emphasizes the influence of
genetic factors on the lithium effects. Particular attention is paid to
the possibility of preventing the toxicity of lithium compounds for the
body. The currently known molecular mechanisms of lithium action are
discussed: inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and
inositol monophosphatase 1 (IMPA1), which have key value for autophagy,
oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial function, induction of
neurotrophic factors, apoptosis. It was concluded that the study of the
molecular pathways of the functioning of lithium compounds empowers
understanding both the reasons for its effectiveness in the nervous
system diseases and the mechanisms of action on other body systems.
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