Home – Home – Jornals – Humanitarian sciences in Siberia 2019 number

The article deals with the problems of introducing new methods of obstetrics as a factor reducing morbidity and mortality among pregnant and postpartum women in the late 1920s - early 1930s. The study is based on the materials of the Urals and the methodological concept of everyday life history, its ideas of the life world and everyday life structures. The article objective is to give a general description of the obstetrics in the Urals, to show the role of state maternity hospitals, delivery under medical supervision in the Soviet concept of medicine. It was established that introducing new methods of anesthesia in childbirth started in 1927. The author presents data on the mortality of expectant mothers and children during the treatment of placenta previa with the use of old methods as of 1927; shows activities of specialists of the Sverdlovsk Obstetric and Gynecological Institute and gynecologists from other institutions aimed at promoting the appropriate indications of cesarean section. The paper characterizes the contribution of the medical personnel of the maternity hospitals of Sverdlovsk, Perm, Tyumen, Ishim and others in new methods development and application: a technique of childbirth anesthetizing and women’s psychic-preventive training by A. Yu. Lurie, hypnosis; using evpapan-natrium (hexenal) for analgesia on the initiative of A.A. Ikonnikova, a Ural gynecologist, since the early 1930s. The author studies attitudes of pregnant women to new techniques, when the minority of women demonstrated distrust, while the majority’s attitude was positive. The article shows that Sverdlovsk Research Institute for the Protection of Maternity and Infancy instructed doctors coming to train from Ukraine, Donbass, Caucasus, Chuvashian, Siberian, Kazakhstan clinics since 1935, it promoted development of mass movement for anesthesia of childbirth in the USSR.