WESTERN SIBERIAN URBANIZATION IN 1960s-1980s: AREA-SPECIFIC MORTALITY
O.B. Dashinamzhilov
Institute of History SB RAS, 8 Nikolayeva Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
Keywords: историческая демография, Западная Сибирь, урбанизация, население, смертность, регион, средняя продолжительность жизни, экономическое развитие, historical demography, West Siberia, urbanization, population, mortality, region, average life expectancy, economic development
Abstract
The historical development of the countryin the post-revolutionary period is characterized by the active urban development processes. Cities’ intensive formation had a serious impact on demographic processes including population reproduction. Consequently, it is important to study relationships between the regional dynamics of urbanization and urban population mortality. The article objective is to investigate an average life expectancy in different regions. The research methods are statistical and mathematical ones; methodology of research is based on the urbanization transition theory. Due to evacuation of industrial enterprises during World War II the significance of regional centers in economics and population of Novosibirsk, Tomsk and Omsk regions increased considerably. Urbanization development in Kuzbass and Tyumen regions occurred according to another scenario, because of rich natural resources. It predetermined forming new industrial factories and settlements near them. The growth of cities was very fast, many new municipalities developed. In addition to regional centers several powerful industrial cities with a population of more than 100,000 people appeared. Multi-vector urbanization development in West Siberia impacted the regional dynamics of an average life expectancy. Regions with administrative centers’ domination showed the high level of education, large share of employees and office workers applied in the intellectual sphere with low rates of mortality. Flows of primarily low- and mid-skilled workers and low increase of employees’ share in Kusbass and Tyumen regions influenced the population mortality. The formation of industry took place in undeveloped areas, where there were many amenities of life. Altay region stands apart due to another way of urbanization development there. Thus, the research analysis showed a rather close correlation between mortality and urbanization, although the territorial spread of indicators was generally small.
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