HARMONIZATION OF EMPIRICAL AND THEORETICAL THINKING AS A FORMING BASIS OF EDUCATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY (review article)
N. A. Kornienko
Novosibirsk state agrarian University, Russia, 630039, Novosibirsk, st. Dobrolybova, 160
Keywords: эмпирическое и теоретическое мышление, соотношение эмпирики и теории, опыт и проект, стиль мышления, эпистемология науки и образования, трехуровневая модель научного знания: эмпирическое, теоретическое и метатеоретическое знание, empirical and theoretical thinking, the relationship between empiricism and theory, experience and project, the style of thinking, epistemology of science and education, three-level model of scientific knowledge: empirical, theoretical and meta-theoretical knowledge
Abstract
The article contains the author's reasoning about thinking (definitions) in psychology and philosophy, empirical and theoretical thinking. Their importance for the development of world psychology and philosophy is shown, the theoretical preconditions for designing the education and upbringing of the generations of the future world are revealed. The changes taking place in culture, education and science, accompanied by a change in the epistemological style of thinking, are considered. One of the most important socio-cultural challenges for the school today is the change in types and forms of thinking. Thinking, as is known, has long been a subject of special interest of philosophy. The author dwells on some aspects of the change in ideas about thinking and the associated transformations in the view of education. One of the main topics of the modern philosophy of science is the problem of the levels of scientific knowledge. Traditionally, two main levels are distinguished: empirical and theoretical. The three-level model of scientific knowledge is more correct and supported by us: empirical, theoretical and meta-theoretical knowledge. The meta-theoretical level of knowledge consists of two main sublevels: 1) general scientific knowledge and 2) the philosophical foundations of science. The general scientific level of knowledge consists of the following main elements: 1) general scientific picture of the world; 2) general scientific methodological, logical and axiological principles. The meta-theoretical level plays an important role not only in natural sciences and social sciences, but also in mathematics.
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