Rural Youth Migration in an Agrarian Region: Trends and Regulating Factors
A.M. SERGIENKO1, O.A. IVANOVA2
1Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 66, Dimitrov st., Barnaul, 656015, Russia
2Center for Special Relations and Information, Federal Guard Service of the Russian Federation in Altai Krai, 30, Lenin av., Barnaul, 656056, Russia
Keywords: миграция, сельская молодежь, образование, занятость, семейно-родственные сети, сельский бизнес, практики поддержки, государственная политика, migration, rural youth, education, employment, family and kin networks, rural business, support practices, state policy
Abstract
The article analyzes the changes in the scale and structure of real and potential rural youth migration and the impact they suffer from the key regulators in Altai Krai since the early 2000s. The analysis is carried out by using statistics, results of quantitative and qualitative surveys among ordinary citizens and experts, government policy documents, and media materials. We describe the model of rural youth migratory flows regarding pendulum and seasonal migration and provide a quantitative estimation for migration magnitudes. The article uncovers an increasing influence of family and kin networks as a catalyst for youth migration to cities and a growing role of rural business as its inhibitor. We identify how effectively or poorly the state policy impacts the socio-economic development of the region’s rural areas, the social situation of rural youth and, as a result, reducing migration. We propose state policy trends aimed at improving the social status of rural youth and decreasing their migration rate.
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