Home – Home – Jornals – Humanitarian sciences in Siberia 2018 number

The article studies levels and causes of the population mortality in different historical periods of social-economic development in Komi Republic. The topic relevance is determined not only by the prolonged lag in the Russian life expectancy from European countries, but also related to regional features of northern territories: climatic conditions, life-style, industrial branch structure, population formation peculiarity and ethnic composition. The article focuses on differences in rural and urban mortality, men and women death rates. Analyzing statistical information, the authors reveal periods of mortality growth and decrease, substantiate peak values of absolute rise of deaths numbers, fluctuations of general and special coefficients. The article proves relationships of mortality with historical events, the country economic-social development. It shows that the highest loss of life associated with the Soviet state formation: industrialization, collectivization, starvation in 1932-1933, and the Great Patriotic War. The mortality rate growth during the late 1970s - early 1980s is of particular interest. Thanks to the well-known anti-alcohol campaign, it was possible to reduce the problem. The country’s transition to the market determined the next stage of increasing mortality. The mortality highest rates were recorded in 1993-1996 and 2002-2006. Authors show that male mortality is higher than female one, especially in able-bodied population, the reasons are working conditions and various self-preserving behaviors. The dynamics of the overall mortality rate of the rural population is traditionally higher than the urban one. Rural people are at the risk zone - an increased mortality rate, which along with decreasing birth rate can lead to a significant decline of the indigenous people’s number.