WATER MIGRATION OF MACROELEMENENTS IN CONIFEROUS BROAD-LEAVED FORESTS OF SIKHOTE-ALIN
N. K. Kozhevnikova1, T. N. Lutsenko2, A. G. Boldeskul2, S. Yu. Lupakov2, V. V. Shamov2
1Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Russian Academy of Sciences, Far Eastern Branch, Prospekt Stoletiya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok, 690022 Russian Federation
2Pacific Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Far Eastern Branch, Radio str., 7, Vladivostok, 690041 Russian Federation
Keywords: горно-лесной бассейн, лесные сообщества, кроновые воды, химический состав природных вод, водная миграция, почвенные воды, геохимический тип вод, mountain-forest basin, forest communities, throughfall, chemical composition of natural waters, water migration, soil water, geochemical water type
Abstract
In the paper, the natural water chemical composition spatial variability studies results in the mountain forest catchment are presented. It’s shown that the catchment biotic components’ impact upon water chemical composition is detected even at input as atmospheric precipitation. The input fluxes are acid, sulfate ones with high ratio of hydrogen, potassium and dissolved organic matter. Diversity of ecotopic conditions determines the further transformation of natural water chemical composition. The role of tree crowns in the transformation increases while the crown closure and stands’ age increase. According to macrocomponents transformation and rain acidity neutralization, forest associations form the sequence: mixed > coniferous > young deciduous ones. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), potassium and calcium become the main components of water chemical composition, while sulfates dominate among anions. For vegetation period, 9-11 kg/ha of sulfates come below tree crown. Biogenic elements transport is gradually limited in soil profile at the migration stage. Sulfate-potassium composition throughfall in spruce-fir and secondary forests community transforms into sulfate-sodium-calcium. Hydrocarbonates predominate in soil water in broad-leaved-pine type of forest, and potassium output decreases 10 times. Geochemical type of river water keeps features of chemical composition of soil drained by river section. Negligible output of sulfates, hydrocarbonates and calcium from ecosystem is established for the headwaters. Negative balance of hydrocarbonates and calcium is compensated by significant input of these components with throughfall at catchments with predominantly pine-broad-leaved forest types.
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