Imaging Systems Based on Human Serum Albumin for MRI Diagnostics of Pathological Processes
A. S. CHUBAROV1, V. N. SILNIKOV1, S. AHMAD2, T. S. GODOVIKOVA1
1Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Integral University, Uttar Pradesh, India
Keywords: магнитно-резонансная томография, контрастирующие и контрастные вещества, хелатные комплексы, визуализирующие системы, диагностика патологических процессов, человеческий сывороточный альбумин, функционализация белка, молекулярные зонды, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast and imaging contrast agents, chelate complexes, imaging systems, diagnostics of pathological processes, human serum albumin, protein functionalization, molecular probes
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most powerful non-invasive methods of research of organs and tissues that is widely used in modern clinical medicine. To achieve a better visualization of the pathological focus contrast/imaging contrast agents are applied, and in case of 1H MRI - substances that increase the relaxation rate of water protons in the surrounding tissues and thus increase the image contrast. The review considers various ways to improve the properties of current contrast/imaging contrast agents: from covalent/noncovalent binding of chelate complexes of paramagnetic metal ions with human serum albumin (HSA) up to the development of HSA-based multifunctional nanostructures for the study of pathological processes by an MRI method both on 1H nuclei and 19F nuclei. The focus is on the evaluation and systematization of known results in the development of imaging systems for the detection of malignant tumours. Analysis of the publications devoted to problems of creation of affine chelate complexes of paramagnetic metal ions with a high affinity to a specific site on albumin indicates an active and growing interest to the area of chemistry. The accumulation of knowledge about molecular structure of albumin and its complexes with medicinal preparations and endogenous ligands in combination with the development of bioinformatics creates preconditions for the development of affine contrast/imaging contrast agents with optimum parameters of highly selective binding to proteins. On the basis of the critical analysis, generalized conclusions were made about the key parameters of imaging systems based on albumin that determine the study informativeness of the affected area by 1H/19F MRI methods. Due to binding contrast/imaging contrast agents with albumin, the relaxation ability of the preparation is enhanced; its circulation time in the blood and the efficiency of accumulation in the tumour is increased. This contributes to the contrast increase in an MR image between healthy and pathological tissue, improves the diagnosis accuracy and, as a consequence, the therapy effectiveness.
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