THE ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF POPULATION OF WESTERN SIBERIA IN 1959-1989
V. V. Lygdenova1, O. B. Dashinamzhilov2
1Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, 17, Akad. Lavrentyeva Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Institute of History SB RAS, 8, Nikolayeva Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Western Siberia, urbanization, region, urban population, birth rate, mortality rate, migrations, ethnography, historical demography, ethnic demography
Abstract
The article presents the results of research on the ethnic composition of population of Western Siberia. The article aims at showing peculiarities of its transformation under conditions when qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the population of ethnoses had not been influenced by the extreme factors (deportations, starvation, wars, etc.). An important task of historical demography is to study ethnic characteristics of population, including at the macro regional level. The successful handling of this task will greatly determine the assessment of the country’s reproductive and migration potential as well as demographic processes in the near and distant future. Methodology of the work is based on the theory of demographic modernization by A.G.Vishnevsky. The author used a set of statistical mathematical methods along with specific methods of historical research, such as historical genetic and historical comparative. It is revealed that in 1959-1989 ethnoses living primarily in the European Russia were not the only ones affected by demographic modernization. Transformation of traditional life style, industrialization, and urbanization stimulated similar developments among ethnic groups in the Asian part of the RSFSR, Caucasus, and Central Asia. These and other ethnic groups started to play a more significant role in the development of economic potential of Western Siberia due to the increase in migration mobility. At the same time the contribution of other ethnoses, e.g. Baltic peoples, to the demographic development of the economic area under study had been gradually decreasing. The author points to the intensification of assimilative processes that became increasingly visible not only among the Ukrainians and Byelorussians but also among other nationalities. Thus, while the early stage of transition from agrarian to industrial society is marked by a high share of ethnic groups who entered the early phases of demographic transition, the share of other ethnical groups also increases with the modernization of demographic subsystem.
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