Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2015 number 4

The article focuses educator’s attention to one of the possible innovative ways of modernization of the contemporary socio-humanitarian education. Sociological science is included in the subject «social Studies». Therefore, teachers of history and social science need professional consideration of a variety of sociological theories in enhancing its competence in the field of social cognition, to understand the rules of communication and the importance of compromise, based on common values. The authors analyze the social research projects proposed by Western and Russian representatives of phenomenology and postmodern sociology. Phenomenological sociology considers the main task of the development of quantitative methods for constructing social theory, arguing the possibility of reliable description of the subjective experience of individuals to understand the genesis of social structures through culture-centered approaches. The need is postulated for a method of social and humanitarian expertise for understanding the uniqueness, situational social world. Postmodernism captures redundancy of the socio-cultural space of individuals, including the individual's identity crisis: the lack of rigidly structured monistic social world and the fundamental possibility of the split of the own «I» into several «I»-s. Ethnomethodology proposes the idea of constructability of all sociocultural phenomena and explores the informal rules of spoken interaction in everyday life of individuals using the methods of ethnographic description, observation, analysis of the recorded speech, destruction of stability and order situation of the language usage. Individual human indispensability, lack of a clear demarcation between the subject and the object of sociological research are the methodological principle sources of ethnomethodology. Reorientation of history as the development of the social reality of history as the simultaneous existence of equivalent, equal-valued life-worlds and research in social cognition of the equally important theoretical constructs that describe these life-worlds, rules of communication is a characteristic feature of postmodern intellectual practice. These «knowledge-science news» and information about the new social theories, views and ideas must be mastered by the modern history and social science teacher with the understanding, first, that social cognition plays the role of the individual acts of self-creation of the social world, the rules of interpretation, of ordering personal-unique strategy behavior of individuals in the course of communication; secondly, that the established social order in the next moment can be reinterpreted and that the search for adequate value orientations forms of self-realization becomes a normal state of life.