Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2015 number 4

An analysis of psychological foundations of the training process management is presented in the article. Training in which it is possible to track every moment in the trainee’s advancing can be considered manageable. One of the ways of training management is a special organization of the process of knowledge assimilation as a set process. The most developed in this direction is the system of training based on P. Ya. Galperin’s theory of stage-by-stage formation of intellectual actions. According to this theory, in the ontogenetic development of the person there take place the processes of internalization of actions, the gradual transformation of external actions into the internal, mental ones. Initially, the students have to deal with the external, material action. According to A. N. Leontiev, then, as a result of its gradual transformation, generalization, reducing its specific parts and changes in the level at which it is carried out, there takes place internalization of action, i.e. its transformation into internal action, which is then occurs entirely inside the mind of the learner. This process goes through a number of specific steps, from the thing-related actions via the stage of performing operations in loud speech to the action «inside oneself». In accordance with this, the training process is constructed in stages, thus it is called a step-by-step one. The second way of management of the training process is connected with the development of psychological foundations of the programmed training (B. F. Skinner, L. N. Landa and others). The essence of the programmed training is that the trainee cannot take the next «step» in the assimilation of educational material without having mastered the previous one. Learning is not only assimilation of knowledge and skills, but also a special activity providing assimilation of this knowledge. The programmed teaching provides control over every step of cognitive activity and thus makes it possible to fully control the learning process. Feedback operates continuously and allows regulating the process in accordance with the individual abilities of students to assimilate knowledge. The activity of each student is ensured, because the lack of activity is detected immediately, it is impossible to hide it. In addition, each student is trained in the optimum pace, rhythm and style for him/her.