International Competitiveness in the Field of Innovation
A. TOROK
Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1051 Budapest, Roosevelt tér 9
Keywords: innovative development, competitiveness, methods to evaluate competitiveness, GERD, BERD, GDP
Subsection: REGIONAL SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION SYSTEMS: RUSSIAN AND EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE
Abstract
The paper examines the approaches to assessing the competitiveness of a country. It is shown that the competitiveness rankings produced by the World Economic Forum do not correlate with the ones in innovation and R&D. It is concluded that international R&D comparisons based on the GERD/GDP or BERD/GDP alone are not telling enough. These ratios could only be considered as performance indicators in case of equal levels of distribution of R&D expenses. Financial background to sciences and R&D is generally considered as a key factor to competitiveness, but, as the author has demonstrated, the structure of R&D spending also has an important role.
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