60 years from the first meeting on the artificial Earth satellite to the modern systems of remote sensing and monitoring the Earth from space: information and mathematical aspect (history and prospects)
T.A. Sushkevich, S.A. Strelkov, S.V. Maksakova
Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miusskaya sq., 4, Moscow, 125047, Russia
Keywords: history of the space age, the Chief theoretician-mathematician M.V. Keldysh, Chief engineer-constructor S.P. Korolev, the manned space flight, space & atmospheric optics, Earth remote sensing, computer science, information and mathematical aspect
Abstract
The article is about the pioneer atmospheric-optical space researches and conservative systems of remote sensing of the near-earth space on the basis of the Earth radiation characteristics. Space researches are such area of fundamental and applied works, which from the first steps of the formation could not develop without the use of computers. Space exploration was a significant factor in the improvement of the computers and the formation of new scientific trends connected with mathematical modeling of the Earth radiation field, the theory of image transfer, theory of vision, theory of processing and recognition of images, etc. Information and mathematical software is an indispensable part of any space project. The short history of the nuclear and space projects and formation of scientific schools on the theory of radiation transfer is presented to restore the true facts of the beginning of opening of the space era and development of the cosmonautics. Our goal is to show as the ingenious Chief theoretician-mathematician V.M. Keldysh and Chief engineer-constructor S.P. Korolev together conquered space. It is important to pay attention to the prospective scientific directions connected with the application of “computer science" with parallel supercalculations, GRID and “cloudy" technologies in varied space researches, the problems of the Earth remote sensing, the evolution of environment, and climate of the Earth.
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