Home – Home – Jornals – Scientific journal “Vestnik NSUEM” 2026 number 1

In this paper, we propose a new chaotic one-way function ChaosKDF that combines the logistic map and cryptographically secure pseudo-random noise from the ChaCha20 generator. The irreversibility of the function is due to the exponential sensitivity to initial conditions and the addition of controlled noise, which leads to rapid degradation of information about the input. Based on information theory, we show that the conditional entropy grows no slower than a linear function of the input size n in bits with an increase in the number of iterations T. This provides a provable lower bound on the complexity of inversion: Ω(ε·2n·T). This makes the function computationally irreversible even for quantum adversaries. It is proven that for an input of at least 256 and an iteration number of 1000, the function is resistant to Grover’s attacks and quantum methods for analyzing dynamical systems, such as QPE and VQA, due to chaos and cryptographic noise. An analysis of side-channel vulnerabilities is performed, and protective measures are proposed, including a fixed number of iterations and energy consumption masking. A comparison with PRF (HMAC-based), HMAC-based KDF, streaming PRF and upgraded KDF demonstrates a balance between security, speed and energy efficiency. This makes it effective for resource-constrained environments such as IoT and PUF systems. The function generates a 56-bit output compatible with modern cryptographic standards. The work opens the way to physically motivated cryptographic primitives, where security is based on dynamic irreversibility rather than algebraic complexity.

In conditions of high socio-economic uncertainty and multiple goals of investors, the use of multicriteria optimization in investment projecting allows finding balanced solutions that take into account various factors and preferences, which increases the efficiency and sustainability of investment projects. The article considers the problem of developing an intelligent computer software system for optimizing adaptive control of the investment design process. It is proposed to use network models and methods as a tool for economic and mathematical modeling of the solution to this problem. The paper presents a new optimization network economic and mathematical model that takes into account the presence of several options for acceptable technologies in the investment projecting process, various options for their implementation and using a vector objective function to assess the quality of project implementation. Based on solving a set of network modeling problems of investment projecting processes corresponding to acceptable technologies and various options for their implementation, using the construction of critical paths and the scalarization method of a specific vector objective function, a technique for solving the formed vector optimization problem is proposed. The developed original methodology allows to implement the process of automation and optimization of adaptive control of the investment projecting process based on network modeling, including coding of all operations of investment projecting, determination of interrelations of operations, sequence and terms of their implementation. Based on the proposed methodology, an intelligent computer software system for optimization of adaptive control of the investment prijecting process in the presence of several technologies and a vector target function has been developed and created. The created intelligent computer system OptimumInvest allows to implement automation, optimization and support of management decision-making using feedback in the implementation of complex investment projects.

The article proves that large language models (LLMs) are economically unviable for signature verification. The apparent low cost of token-based pricing is negated by LLMs’ catastrophically low accuracy (59 % error rate), leading to unjustifiably high expenses. Specialized CNN solutions are significantly more efficient and cheaper. LLMs are fundamentally incapable of analyzing details critical for biometrics. The economic paradox of LLMs turns their accessibility into a financial trap. The study proposes a Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) model for Russia, accounting for sanctions, and recommends using LLMs only as a pre-filter in hybrid systems.

This article examines and summarizes the academic discourse on defining the essence of transaction costs and methods for measuring them. Based on the findings of the study, a new methodology for measuring additional transaction costs arising from changes in the economic environment is proposed. An analysis of the dynamics and level of transaction costs in the Russian economy reveals the specifics of economic agents’ adaptation to uncertainty. The results of the study can be used for planning and implementing measures to improve economic institutions.

The relevance of the research is due to the need to rethink approaches to defining the boundaries of openness of statistical information in the context of modern geopolitical challenges. The scientific novelty of the work lies in a comprehensive analysis of the problem of the openness of statistical data through the prism of national interests and information security. The main results of the study demonstrate that the absolute openness or closeness of statistical data are extremes that do not meet the interests of the state. Unjustified expansion or narrowing of access to statistical data can lead to destabilization of the socio-political situation and increased external threats. The findings of the study confirm that the regulation of the openness of statistical data should be based on the principles of a balance between information openness and national security.

The article examines the situation of large families in the Russian Federation. The analysis of the structure of large families by federal districts has been carried out, the main motives for the birth of the second and third children have been identified, and socio-economic factors affecting the level of large families have been considered. Special attention is paid to government support measures aimed at increasing the birth rate and improving the living conditions of large families. The results of the study allow us to conclude that an integrated approach to family policy is necessary for the sustainable development of Russian society.

The official history of Russia-India relations began in 1953. This was preceded by a centuries-old tradition of trade and cultural exchange between our peoples. This article attempts to systematize the main milestones in the development of relations between the peoples of Russia and India, which served to create a solid modern foundation for trade and economic cooperation. The retrospect is relevant for understanding the existing Russia-India relations in order to identify new opportunities and areas for further expansion and diversification of trade and economic ties between our countries, which meets the strategic objectives of the Russian Federation.

Labor productivity is the most important indicator of the effectiveness of any organization. It is determined by the number of products produced / services sold and the labor costs for their production / sale. In conditions when an organization does not have the opportunity to increase volumes, but it is necessary to get rid of losses and increase the efficiency of using workers’ labor, one of the simplest tools for increasing labor productivity is to bring the number to the actual number. Despite the apparent simplicity of this solution, it involves the implementation of well-thought-out actions, an in-depth analysis of the consequences, and an assessment of the effects. The purpose of the study is to study the experience of personnel management as a tool for increasing labor productivity, identify the features and tools for bringing it to reality based on current standards, and form methodological recommendations for organizations using such a solution in their practice. Research methods: analysis and generalization of experience in managing the number of employees using the example of a division of an industrial enterprise. The analysis made it possible to formulate and identify methodological recommendations for managing the number of personnel in the company’s division with the assessment and receipt of the necessary economic effects. The formulated methodological recommendations can be used in the practice of organizing any industry, provided they are adapted to its specifics.

The article presents a review of international publications on the problematics of Value-Based Management (VBM), based on a representative sample of 40 articles drawn from the total body of research published between 2000 and 2025. The main research directions are systematized into seven thematic blocks, with a summary and analysis of the key findings and results within each block. The review highlights the predominance of empirical studies and the absence of consensus on a number of issues. The paper also outlines the challenges faced by Russian companies in adapting the VBM concept to current conditions.

Due to the rapidly increasing turbulence of the external environment, Russia has once again come to the need to recreate its own self-sufficient national higher education system that will meet the needs of the Russian economy, the Russian mentality and focus on five-year training of specialists. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to understand and adapt the education system to the new labor market conditions and a rapidly changing society. The article presents the results of research conducted by the staff of the Department of National and Regional Economics and the Basic Department of Innovation and Industrial Policy Management at Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, concerning the role of the Russian educational system in the life of society, where it occupies a vast area of intertwining direct and indirect interests, processes, and actions of various parties: from an individual to the whole the population of the country; from individual enterprises, organizations, to the entire production; from the employee to the sphere of labor, the entire socio-economic complex of the country. In the light of recent reforms aimed at changing the structure of the bachelor’s, master’s and postgraduate levels of education, key changes are being considered, starting with the abandonment of the Bologna system and ending with new requirements for graduate training. The authors highlight both the historical component of the changes and current trends that will affect the future of higher education in order to create an effective educational environment that meets the requirements of the labor market.

The evolving of economic development strategies in the resource-dependent regions of the Siberian Federal District (SFD) necessitates economy diversification to mitigate risks associated with the depletion of natural resources. One promising avenue for such diversification is the development of high-tech and science-intensive industries. These sectors are characterized by high value-added production, reliance on environmentally sustainable technologies, and demand for highly skilled labor - factors that can significantly contribute to the socio-economic development of resource-dependent regions. However, the current level of development of high-tech and science-intensive industries in the SFD remains low. To foster their growth, a comprehensive system of state and regional support measures is required, including the implementation of government programs and regional development strategies, tax incentives, provision of preferential loans, and active promotion of clusters, technoparks, and technopolises.

This article provides an integrated description of the economic category “digital platform”, reflecting various levels of economic relations. At the essential level, digital platforms represent an emerging new economic order - the digital economy. In terms of their manifestations, digital platforms act as both a business model and innovative market mechanisms. The paper proposes that the emergence of a platform economy and the resulting increases in economic activity, efficiency, and the creation of new markets contribute to the country’s overall economic growth and the development of the socioeconomic system. The article focuses on digital platform markets and the specific features of their functioning. It is noted that the development of the platform economy requires effective antitrust regulation.