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2026 year, number 1
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O.B. Rodimova
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: IR absorption, carbon dioxide, temperature behavior, line wing
Abstract >>
Carbon dioxide is a perceptible component of Earth's atmosphere and a significant part of the atmospheres of other planets of the terrestrial group. In this work, absorption by carbon dioxide is considered on the basis of the asymptotic line wing theory. Line contour parameters have been found by fitting to experimental values at 200-300 K temperatures in the 4.3 mm CO2 band. The different temperature behavior of the absorption is noted near the band (2400-2440 cm-1) and far from it (2500-2590 cm-1). The results of this study are of interest for spectroscopy and can be important in atmospheric modeling.
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D.V. Kalinskaya1,2
1Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
2Marine Hydrophysical Institute National Academy of the RAS, Sevastopol, Russia
Keywords: atmospheric aerosol, photometer, MODIS, VIIRS, AIRS, back trajectories, HYSPLIT, Ångström parameter, dust aerosol, smoke aerosol, aerosol optical depth, AOD, absorption, Black sea, Volga
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Consideration of absorbing and scattering properties of atmospheric aerosols and estimating the sizes of aerosol particles are important for testing standard and creating regional algorithms of atmospheric correction of satellite data. However, calculation of optical characteristics of atmospheric aerosols in dust transport periods is complicated by a need in considering the effects of dust aerosol on optical properties of the atmosphere: aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ångström parameter, and others. In this work, the optical characteristics of atmospheric aerosol are analyzed based on in-situ photometric measurements, MODIS (Aqua/Terra) and VIIRS satellite data, and HYSPLIT simulation for two Volga reservoirs and the Black Sea during dust transport from the Sahara and Karakum deserts. The AOT values are found to be more than two times higher than background values during all the events under study. No differences in the optical characteristics of dust aerosol transported from these deserts were detected. The results can be used to verify standard algorithms of atmospheric correction of satellite data.
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D.V. Apeksimov, P.A. Babushkin, Yu.E. Geints, A.M. Kabanov, V.K. Oshlakov, E.E. Khoroshaeva
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: femtosecond laser pulse, turbulence, laser filamentation, plasma, aerosol, two-photon-excited fluorescence, angular distribution, THz radiation generation
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The results of complex studies of filamentation of high-power femtosecond laser pulses in experiments where a localized air layer with a randomly inhomogeneous refractive index (artificial turbulent layer) is created at the beginning of the propagation path are discussed. It is shown that the technique of forced chaotic modulation (power stochastization) of a radiation beam, which initiates inhomogeneities in the transverse energy structure of laser radiation, causes the splitting of an original beam into many high-intensity light subbeams (channels) due to strong optical nonlinearity of the air medium. These channels are characterized by high intensity and stability along significant distances. The segmentation of the radiation by a turbulent layer multiply increases the number of high-intensity optical channels, which arise during propagation of a 2.5-cm beam of a Ti:Sapphire laser with a wavelength of 800 nm and power of up to 150 GW in air. The characteristic intensity of these optical channels is high enough for two-photon absorption in a volume of colored (rhodamine or uranine with a concentration of 0.4 g/l) water aerosol microparticles, created at the end of a 100-m optical path, which, in turn, almost doubles the fluorescence signal from the particles recorded by the lidar scheme. In addition, it was determined that a localized turbulent layer created at the beginning of an optical path enables a multiple enhancement of the efficiency of low-frequency (THz) electromagnetic radiation generation from laser filamentation region.
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A.V. Drakon, A.V. Eremin, R.N. Kolotushkin, A.A. Timoshenko, E.S. Khodyko
Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: black carbon aerosol, organic aerosol, combustion, mass spectrometry, soot formation, benzene
Abstract >>
Emissions of carbon compounds formed during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels change the thermal balance of the atmosphere, which leads to global warming. Reliable methods for diagnosing and monitoring emissions are necessary to control and assess the content of carbon compounds in the atmosphere. The paper presents a methodology for studying the formation of organic and black carbon aerosol. A flat ethylene/air laminar flame was used as a reactor in various experimental modes. An experimental setup was developed and used to analyze flame gas components by quadrupole mass spectrometry. The signal intensities were compared depending on the mass-to-charge ratio in the range 0-100. It has been shown that kinetic simulation and experimental results are qualitatively consistent when describing such components as H2O, O2, and CO2. It has also been shown that an increase in the equivalence ratio increases the concentrations of compounds associated with the formation of organic and black carbon aerosols. The results can be used to develop diagnostic and monitoring methods for organic and soot aerosols in the ambient air by tracking concentrations of signature compounds.
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A.A. Tronin1, M.P. Vasiliev1, G.M. Nerobelov1,2,3
1St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Scientific Research Center for Ecological Safety at the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
2Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
3Russian State Hydrometeorological University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, satellite and ground-based monitoring, Moscow, St. Petersburg
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Nitrogen and sulfur dioxides belong to the priority pollutants of atmospheric air and belong to substances of the 3rd class of hazard. The joint influence of sulfur dioxide and dioxide nitrogen on air quality is extremely negative. Monitoring their content in atmospheric air is an important environmental task. Joint analysis and comparison of nitrogen and sulfur dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere of Moscow and St. Petersburg on the basis of ground-based measurements, as well as tropospheric content of these aerotoxicants based on satellite data are performed. Satellite data (the OMI spectrometer from the Aura satellite) cover the period from 2005 to 2023, and ground data are collected for the period 2002-2023. The concentrations of nitrogen dioxide slowly decrease in Moscow and Sant-Petersburg both in satellite and ground-based data. The concentrations of sulfur dioxide are significantly reduced according to ground-based measurements in Moscow and Sant-Petersburg. Satellite observations show relatively constant concentrations in St. Petersburg and their growth in Moscow. The hypothesis which explains the divergence of ground-based and satellite data on the content of sulfur dioxide is suggested. The results can be used in the practical work of environmental authorities in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
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O.Yu. Antokhina1,2, P.N. Antokhin1, O.S. Zorkal’tseva2, A.V. Gochakov3, M.F. Artamonov2, S.M. Bobrovnikov1, V.I. Zharkov1
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
2Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Irkutsk, Russia
3Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: stratosphere, troposphere, polar vortex, sudden stratospheric warming, wave propagation, temperature anomaly, polar stratospheric clouds
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Winter 2024/2025 was characterized by anomalous stability of the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV), resulting from a combination of weak propagation of wave activity from the troposphere and strong zonal winds that created a barrier to vertical wave transport. Lidar measurements near Tomsk in February showed record-low temperatures (-85 °C) at altitudes of 15-20 km and the formation of polar stratospheric clouds, confirming the uniqueness of stratospheric conditions. In November-January, weak Rossby wave breaking processes and predominant zonal circulation over Eurasia were observed, while the final weakening of the SPV in early March was accompanied by a sharp restructuring of stratospheric circulation. These results are important for understanding the mechanisms of SPV stability and their influence on atmospheric dynamics.
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K.N. Pustovalov1,2, P.V. Nagorskiy1, M.V. Oglezneva1, S.V. Smirnov1,2
1Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems (IMCES) SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia
2National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: clouds, atmospheric electricity, electric field potential gradient, ultraviolet radiation
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Atmospheric electricity is the totality of electrical phenomena occurring in the atmosphere, including clouds and precipitation, and forming the global electrical circuit. Studying the functioning of this circuit, particularly the factors that determine its local variability, is a pressing and important scientific problem, especially in the context of the current climate change. Based on atmospheric electrical, spectrophotometric, and meteorological observations Tomsk from 2006 to 2020, we analize the variability of the main characteristic of atmospheric electricity, that is, the surface electric field potential gradient and the spectral transmittance of long-wave UV radiation by clouds depending on their form. The analysis revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between variations in the potential gradient and the transmittance of radiation at a wavelength of 380 nm for almost all main cloud forms. The new statistical data complement existing understanding of the interaction of atmospheric-electrical and actinometric characteristics and can be used to improve the models of global electric circuit and atmosphere, among other things, for numerical weather prediction and climate change modeling.
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V.A. Gladkikh, A.P. Kamardin, I.V. Nevzorova, S.L. Odintsov, V.A. Fedorov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: atmosphere, outer turbulence scale, surface air layer, wind speed, air temperature
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The outer scales of temperature and wind turbulence in the surface air layer are estimated based on experimental data. Statistics of the outer scales is provided for winter and summer periods at different time of the day at altitudes of 5 and 10 m. The correlations between the scales and temperature and wind velocity stratification in the surface air layer are analyzed. It is found that the temperature stratification has the strongest effect on the outer turbulence scales, and the scales increase with the measurement altitude. The results can be useful for studies of thermodynamic processes in the atmospheric boundary layer and the influence of turbulence on optical wave propagation.
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M.Yu. Shikhovtsev1,2, A.Yu. Shikhovtsev1, A.A. Lezhenin3, V.S. Gradov3, V.B. Khaikin4, K.E. Kirichenko1, P.G. Kovadlo1
1Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Irkutsk, Russia
2Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Irkutsk, Russia
3Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
4Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnij Arkhyz, Russia
Keywords: precipitable water vapor, millimeter telescope, WRF, Sayan Solar Observatory, Hulugaisha peak
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Precipitated water vapor (PWV) is the main gas that causes atmospheric opacity in millimeter and submillimeter wavelength ranges. This study uses the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to effectively estimate PWV levels in order to determine the conditions at existing observatory sites and identify potential locations for a new large millimeter telescope. The results show that the WRF model successfully reproduces the spatio-temporal variability of PWV, identifying areas with minimal moisture content, which can be used for planning telescope observations.
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V.V. Antonovich, P.N. Antokhin, V.G. Arshinova, M.Yu. Arshinov, B.D. Belan, S.B. Belan, D.K. Davydov, N.V. Dudorova, G.A. Ivlev, A.V. Kozlov, G.A. Kolotkov, T.M. Rasskazchikova, D.E. Savkin, D.V. Simonenkov, T.K. Sklyadneva, G.N. Tolmachev, A.V. Fofonov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: atmosphere, air, gas, concentration, radon, composition, thoron
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Studies of the content of radioactive gases in the atmosphere are important for assessing their danger to public health and as an auxiliary characteristic of gas exchange between soil and atmosphere. There are very few measurements of radon and thoron concentrations in Russia. Therefore, this paper summarizes the results of their monitoring in the background region near Tomsk over 2020-2024. It has been shown that annual average radon concentrations are in the range 10.7-14.3 Bq/m3; the annual average maximal values can reach 81 Bq/m3. Thoron is characterized by a weaker variability of the average content (8.9-11.8 Bq/m3) and a lower maximal concentration (65 Bq/m3). It is found that radon has a well-defined daily cycle, while thoron does not. There are also significant differences in the annual variations in the concentrations of these gases. Although the main maxima of their concentrations are recorded in July, 222Rn has a secondary maximum in the cold season. A slow increase in the concentrations of both radon and thoron from 2020 to 2024 was found. The content of 222Rn increases at a rate of 0.5 Bq/m3 per year, and of 220Rn, with a rate of 0.2 Bq/m3 per year. The concentration of 222Rn is higher than 220Rn on daily, annual, and long-term scales. The data presented in this paper will be useful in choosing the range and uncertainty of new devices or protection against radiation and assessment of the probability of occurrence of a particular phenomenon.
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Abstract >>
On January 21, 2026, Valeria Aleksandrovna Sapozhnikova, one of the longest-serving employees of the V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS and an active contributor to the journal "Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics," passed away.
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