Home – Home – Jornals – Flora and Vegetation of Asian Russia 2025 number 2

A new species from Dianthus L. genus, endemic from Tyva Republic is described in the article as a new species for science. A detailed diagnosis of the new species is provided, indicating the morphological features of the structure of the root and above-ground shoots. Diagnostic characters have been established that permits reliably distinguish plants of the new species from D. chinensis L. s.l. ( D. versicolor Fisch. ex Link, D. ramosissimus Pall. ex Poir.), in which they were previously considered. Habitually, the plants of new species are short-stem perennial herbs, near 10-12 cm high, developing a taproot, in the above-ground sphere consisting of numerous generative shoots that form a dense turf. Their thin stems do not have spherical extensions at the nodes, develop 3-4 normal internodes, in most cases do not branch, and end in a single terminal flower. Their median leaves in the lower nodes do not wither and are not destroyed by the beginning of flowering, as in D. chinensis group of species; the bend of the petals during flowering has an intense pink color on the adaxial (inner) side and a noticeably lighter, pale pink color on the abaxtal (outer) side. When describing the new species, special attention was paid to the details of the structure and color of the bracts, which are different for the outer and inner pairs, the ratio of their lengths to each other and relative to the calyx tube, the color of the calyx tube and its teeth, which clearly distinguish plants of a new species from D. versicolor . D. tuvinicus habitats in desertified rocky steppes (so named ‘petrophyton’) mainly on fine-grained compacted substrates under conditions of high mineralization of organic matter on slight slopes and plumes in the Central Tyva intermountains.

The article presents the results of the study of the Lamiaceae family in the Siberian sector of the Circumboreal floristic Region. 151 species from 29 genera were identified, which is 25.5 % of the total number of Lamiaceae species in the Circumboreal floristic Region. The highest concentration of species was found in the Altai-Sayan, West Siberian and Transbaikal provinces (from 71 to 96 species), in steppe belt communities (50.3 %) on stony-gravelly substrate. The following biomorphological features of shoots and individuals were analyzed: shoot growth cycle (mono-, di-, and polycyclic), shoot structure (semi-rosette, rosette, elongated), growth pattern (monopodial or sympodial), inflorescence location (terminal or lateral), flowering frequency (polycarpic, monocarpic), ontogenesis duration (annual, biennial, perennial), shoot or skeletal axes growth direction (orthotropic, plagiotropic, anisotropic), branching pattern (acrotonic, mesotonic, basitonic). The spectrum of life forms was determined, including 3 dwarf shrubs, 1 subshrub, 3 dwarf subshrubs, and 11 herbs (18 life forms in total). The distribution of life forms by floristic provinces is shown. It has been established that the most diverse life forms of the family representatives are in the Altai-Sayan province, and the least diverse in the Arctic province. The diversity of biomorphological features of the species is described and a set of morphological features characteristic of plants of most species is revealed. It is shown that perennials, polycarpics with monocyclic, rosette-less, anisotropic shoots, apical arrangement of inflorescence, basitonic branching, sympodial growth and mixed root system predominate in the family. Taproot and longrhizome herbs dominate among the life forms. t has been revealed that the diversity of life forms and biomorphological features of the shoot system determine the distribution of species in different ecological-cenotic conditions of the Siberian sector of the Circumboreal Region.

Environmental monitoring of urban and suburban forests is the basis for their conservation, rational use and improvement. Suburban forests of the City of Barnaul, represented by pine plantations of the Barnaul ribbon pine forest, are subject to long-term anthropogenic load. The purpose of this work is to identify the floristic composition of suburban pine forests of the City of Barnaul on a forest typological basis and compare them by studying individual partial floras (PF). The material was collected in forest communities on 36 sample plots (SP) located within the Barnaul Forestry at different distances from the city limits of Barnaul. The sample plots are 50 50 m (0.25 ha) in size and are laid in pine plantations related to the most common forest types in the forest fund: fresh and grassy pine forest. During the growing season of 2023-2024, geobotanical descriptions were carried out on each PP with the determination of the species composition and its projective cover. Comparative analysis of partial floras of pine stands showed that forest communities of grass forest are richer in the number of families, genera and species than communities of fresh forest. With increasing distance from the city (0-15 km), the taxonomic richness of the aboriginal fraction of PF decreases in stands of both forest types, and levels out in intact forest areas (15-34 km). The increase in the number of taxa in PF near the city limits is associated with the active introduction of non-forest elements - meadow and synanthropic ones. The basis of communities is formed by the following: by the nature of latitudinal distribution - boreal-nemoral and boreal species; by longitudinal distribution - species with the Eurasian range; in relation to moisture - mesophytes; by cenotic confinement - forest edge and forest. The participation of adventive taxa in the composition of the grass and fresh pine forest PF is indicative - species, genera and families, the share of which decreases sharply with distance from the city limits. The most aggressive transforming species is Acer negundo which penetrated into grass forest communities where it formed a dense undergrowth preventing the natural regeneration of the main forest-forming species - Pinus sylvestris .

A new class of intrazonal sub-Arctic moderately mesophilous meadows - Polemonio borealis - Tanacetetea bipinnati Telyatnikov, Ermakov, Ermokhina et Khitun сlass nov. was described. The class represents the secondary communities occurring predominantly on eroded after wind deflation and well-drained sandy watersheds with the deep active layer of substrates in the sub-Arctic part of the tundra zone in Western and Central Siberia. They occupy also warm south-facing slopes of gulches and ravines on watersheds, lake or river terraces. The floristic peculiarity of the class is determined by the group of moderately xerophilous species originating from the xerothermic periods of the Pleistocene. Diagnostic species (D. s.) of the class: Armeria maritima, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium maximum, Dianthus repens, Draba hirta, Eremogone polaris, Festuca rubra subsp. arctica, Koeleria asiatica, Polemonium boreale, Potentilla stipularis, Rumex graminifolius, Salix nummularia, Silene paucifolia, Tanacetum bipinnatum, Thymus reverdattoanus . The class Polemonio borealis - Tanacetetea bipinnati includes one order Polemonio borealis-Tanacetetalia bipinnati Telyatnikov, Ermakov, Ermokhina et Khitun ord. nov. (with the same diagnostic species group as for the class) and two alliances. The alliance Oxytropido sordidae-Tanacetion bipinnati Telyatnikov et Prystyazhnyuk ex Telyatnikov, Ermakov, Ermokhina et Khitun all. nov. is the holotypus of the order. Syn.: Oxytropido sordidae-Tanacetion bipinnati Telyatnikov et Prystyazhnyuk 2012 nom. inval. [art. 5a, ICPN]. Diagnostic species of the alliance are Aconogonon ochreatum, Androsace septentrionalis, Artemisia borealis, Antennaria villifera, Castilleja arctica, Cerastium arvense, Festuca ovina, F. rubra, Oxytropis sordida, Equisetum pratense, Solorina crocea . Holotypus of the Oxytropido sordidae-Tanacetion bipinnati all. nov. is the association Armerio maritimae-Polytrichetum alpini Ermokhina ass. nov. (described in this paper). The alliance range spreads throughout the sub-Arctic zone and the southern part of the Arctic zone in Western Siberia. The alliance community represents the advanced stages of the primary succession of vegetation on flat wind-eroded sandy surfaces or on well-drained slopes of hills and river or lake terraces. Herb species predominate, but sometimes dwarf-shrubs ( Salix nummularia, Arctous alpina, Dryas octopetala subsp. subincisa ) are abundant as well. Moss-lichen layer is poorly developed. The alliance includes 5 associations: Diantho repentis-Festucetum ovinae Telyatnikov et Prystyazhnyuk 2012, Cerastio maximi-Salicetum nummulariae Telyatnikov et Prystyazhnyuk 2012, Antennario lanatae-Arctoetum alpinae Telyatnikov et Prystyazhnyuk 2012, Armerio maritimae-Polytrichetum alpini Ermokhina ass. nov., Koelerio asiaticae-Salicetum nummulariae Dudov et Ivleva nov. prov.) and 1 subassociation ( A.l. - A.a. subass. lagotidoetosum minoris Telyatnikov et al. 2019). Ass. Armerio maritimae-Polytrichetum alpini Ermokhina ass. nov. (Table, rel. 1-10, Table, Column 4). Holotypus: releve nr. 4 in Table (Field releve nr. Ks_31). Diagnostic species: Armeria maritima, Artemisia borealis, Briocaulon divergens, Cetraria odontella, Polytrichastrum alpinum s.l., Rumex graminifolius, Stereocaulon paschale . The association is recorded in the typical tundra subzone of the Yamal Peninsula. They occupy flat eroded parts of sandy watersheds and gentle (5°) well-drained south-western slopes of small hills at altitudes of 16-67 m. The herb layer is well-developed (mean height is 10-20 cm and coverage is 35-80 %). The lower ground layer is formed by dwarf-shrubs (cover of up to 30 %), mosses (mean cover is of 10-30 %, sometimes up to 40 %) and lichens (mean cover is 15-35 %). The alliance Erigerono eriocephali-Artemision tilesii Telyatnikov, Ermakov, Ermokhina et Khitun all. nov. (described in this paper). Diagnostic species: Arnica iljinii, Artemisia tilesii, Astragalus umbellatus, Erigeron eriocephalus, Festuca viviparoidea, Pedicularis verticilla, Saxifraga tenuis, Taraxacum macilentum, Tephroseris heterophylla . Communities of the alliance occur in tundra zone of the western part of the Taimyr and Gydan Peninsulas. They occupy the well-insolated eroded habitats with shallow snow cover. Grounds are loamy to sandy-loamy with moderate drainage. The herb layer is well-developed whereas cover of moss-lichen layer is much lower. Holotypus of the alliance is the association Pedicularido verticillatae-Astragaletum arctici Zanokha 1993 (Zanokha, 1993, p. 112). Diagnostic species of the association are Astragalus alpinus subsp. arcticus, Erigeron eriocephalus, Festuca vivipara, Pedicularis verticillata, Hedysarum hedysaroides, Potentilla stipularis, Arnica iljinii, Silene paucifolia, Bistorta major s.l. The association was described by L. Zanokha (1993) in tundra zone of the western part of the Taimyr Peninsula (the mouth of the Uboinaya River). The community occurs on steep (40-45°) southern slopes with sandy-loamy or loamy soil (pH is close to neutral). The coverage of herbaceous layer is 70-100 %. The moss-lichen layer is not developted. The subass. P.v.-A.s. typicum (Tabl. 1, column 8, 9) is represented by three subzonal variants (vicariants): typicum, campanulosum rotundifoliae and potentillosum hyparcticae (Zanokha, 1993). The diagnostic species of the subass. P.v.-A.a. trisetosum litoralis Telyatnikov et al. 2019 (Tabl. 1, column. 7) are Bistorta elliptica, Draba hirta, Oxyria digyna, Trisetum sibiricum subsp. litorale . This community was described from the northern part of the typical tundra subzone in the Gydansky Peninsula. It occupies steep well drained south-facing slopes of hills.

The composition, structure, ecological features and distribution of polydominant subalpine meadows of the Kurai Ridge were analyzed. In the system of ecological-floristic classification they are described as new association Anemonastro narcissiflori-Stemmacanthemum cartamoidis and three subassociations: typicum, aconitoetosum septentrionalis and aquilegietosum glandulosae . Syntaxa belong to the alliance Aconito pascoi-Geranion albiflori , the order Trollio-Crepidetalia sibiricae , and the class Mulgedio-Aconitetea . The comparative analysis showed the originality of the new association, which is due to the unique combination of meadow-forest, alpine-meadow and mountain-tundra species (Table 3). Ass. Anemonastro narcissiflori-Stemmacanthemum cartamoidis ass. nov. (Table 2, rel. 1-41) represents polydominant subalpine meadows dominated by tall grasses species and high-mountain species. The association is widespread in the western part of the Kurai Ridge (Fig. 1) at an altitude of 2300-2550 m. Subalpine meadows are found on covered with crushed stone, warm, well-moisturized and wind-protected parts of slopes, as well as along stream valleys, in negative microrelief forms, in places of increased snow accumulation. Diagnostic species (D. s.): Aconitum altaicum , Allium schoenoprasum , Anemonastrum narcissiflorum , Carex stenocarpa , Draba sibirica , Erigeron eriocalyx , Erythronium sibiricum , Gastrolychnis tristis , Poa alpina , Potentilla gelida , Rhodiola rosea , Sajanella monstrosa , Seseli condensatum . Subass. A.n. - S.c. typicum subass. nov. (Table 2, rel. 1-17) represents densely clustered mesophytic subalpine meadows dominated by Anthoxanthum alpinum , Bupleurum aureum , Dracocephalum grandiflorum , Geranium albiflorum , Ranunculus grandifolius . These communities occupy gentle slopes of eastern and southeastern exposures at an altitude of 2400-2550 meters. D. s.: Bistorta vivipara , Luzula sibirica , Macropodium nivale , Pedicularis anthemifolia , Pulsatilla patens , Taraxacum officinale , Tephroseris praticola , Thalictrum alpinum . Subass. A.n.-S.c. aconitoetosum septentrionalis subass. nov. (Table 2, rel. 18-27) represents xerophyte subalpine meadows dominated by Bupleurum aureum and Stemmacantha carthamoides . The floristic composition of the communities is based on species of montane distribution. The ecological optimum of such communities is in the altitude range of 2350-2450 m. The slopes are stony, dry and well-warmed, with southeastern exposure. D. s.: Aconitum septentrionale , Alopecurus pratensis , Crepis lyrata , Gentiana septemfida , Thalictrum minus . Subass. A.n. - S.c. aquilegietosum glandulosae subass. nov. (Table 2, rel. 28-41) unites communities of overwatered habitats. Subassociation is an ecotone between subalpine and alpine meadows. The floristic composition of the communities is based on species of alpine distribution, and a group of petrophytic species is also well represented. D. s.: Aquilegia glandulosa , Eritrichium villosum , Pedicularis verticillata , Primula algida , Saussurea frolowii .

Previously, the species Eunotia zygodon Ehrenberg was known in Russia only from the Vladimir Region (near Murom). For the first time in the Russian Far East, the species was found in the reservoirs of the Bastak Nature Reserve in the Jewish Autonomous Region. Later, the species and its variety var. elongata Hustedt ex Simonsen were also indicated for other reservoirs of this reserve, as well as for neighboring areas: Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Region. Based on the original data and literary information, a diagnosis of the species was made, the variability of its valve shape was shown, and its full area was identified. The species is most widely distributed in the countries of the southern hemisphere. With analyzing the original data and comparing it with materials from tropical Africa, we came to the conclusion that the previously indicated variety E. zygodon var. elongata should be attributed to the typical form. Thus, indicating this variety for the territory of the southern Far East should be considered erroneous.

The article contains information about the new localities of 23 vascular plant species in the Southern Urals (Chelyabinsk Region), obtained as a result of expeditionary research in the period 2018-2024. One species ( Limonium sareptanum (A. Beck.) Gams.) is reported as new for the regional flora. Protected plants are represented by 13 species from “Red Book of the Chelyabinsk Region”, current data on their distribution are important for the preparation of the next edition of the regional Red Book. The ten species have a small number of localities and are rare in the Chelyabinsk region. Most of the identified localities supplement the information about the species distribution at the border of the range: 15 species are located at the northern limit ( Anabasis cretacea Pall. , Asparagus inderiensis Blume ex Ledeb. , Astragalus brachylobus Fisch. ex DC. , A. varius S.G. Gmel. , Atriplex cana Ledeb. , Dianthus leptopetalus Willd. , Galium tomentellum Klok. , Iris glaucescens Bunge. , Limonium sareptanum (A. Beck.) Gams. , Pedicularis physocalyx Bunge. , Polycnemum arvense L. , Psammophiliella stepposa (Klok.) Ikonn. , Psathyrostachys hyalantha (Rupr.) Tzvel. , Stipa korshinskyi Roshev. , Trinia muricata Godet.), 1 - at the western ( Allium nutans L.), 1 - at the eastern ( Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult.).

Leonid Ivanovich Malyshev (1931-2014) is one of the leading researchers of the Siberian flora, an outstanding specialist in the field of comparative floristics and florogenetics, the author, inspirer and editor-in-chief of the Flora of Siberia project. The entire career of L.I. Malyshev is connected with the study of the Siberian flora. The materials collected by Malyshev during numerous expeditions to hard-to-reach areas of Siberia and as part of international trips in Mongolia and the USA, systematically replenished herbarium collections. In 1977, Malyshev published a review article on electronic data processing in herbarium and floristic, which served as an impetus for the creation of digital herbaria. In 2017, 40 years after the publication of this article, a Digital Herbarium began to be created at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. By now, it contains over 113 thousand digitized images of herbarium sheets with the full text of labels, of which more than 4.500 samples were collected personally by Malyshev or together with other collectors. The largest number of fees is represented from the territory of Russia, as well as Mongolia, the USA, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Tajikistan. The Digital Herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS contains 179 herbarium type specimens used by Malyshev in describing 43 new taxa of vascular plants. In this publication, we would like to dwell on the scientific heritage of Malyshev, his contribution to herbarium work, thanks to which the Digital Herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS was developed.