Greenway planning in Ekaterinburg city: unaccounted phytopathological problems of urban strategy project
A. G. Shiryaev1, O. A. Kiseleva2
1Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg, Russia
2Botanical Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Keywords: biodiversity dynamics, climate change, environmental monitoring, introduction, invasion, pathogenic fungi, sentinel plantations
Abstract
For the first time, the results of studying the long-term dynamics of the phytopathological state of alien tree and shrub plants (hereinafter as ATSP) in Ekaterinburg city (Russia, Ural) are presented. In connection with the active implementation of numerous landscaping programs, including the concept of the Greenway planning of Ekaterinburg city, over the past twenty years, a large number of ATSP seedlings have arrived in the city, which contributes to the penetration of many previously unknown species of alien and pathogenic fungi into the Urals, the number of which increases exponentially. On alien woody substrates, many species of local saprotrophic fungi exhibit pathogenic properties, which also contribute to a sharp increase in the pathogenic activity of urban mycobiota. A number of invasive fungal species cause mass diseases of woody plants and expand their trophic spectrum. Some invasive fungal species are expanding their invasive range into the natural forests. A list of ATSP species resistant to local and alien diseases, which are recommended for greening Ekaterinburg, is given. The applicability of the "sentinel plantations" technique for the early detection and localization of alien phytopathogens is discussed. Recommendations are given for the creation of a four-stage system of phytopathological monitoring of green urban spaces, which will contribute to the protection against penetration and the rapid detection of alien pathogenic fungi before diseases outbreaks.
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