Ecological and genetic characteristics of the phoma-like micromycete Calophoma complanata
S. V. Sokornova1,2, E. L. Gasich1, L. B. Khlopunova1, A. N. Alekseeva1
1All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, Russia
2St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: Calophoma complanata, the giant hogweeds, mycoherbicides, Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient, Growing degree days >10 °C, elicitors, multilocus sequence analysis, endophytes
Abstract
Ecological and genetic characteristics of the phoma-like fungus Calophoma complanata were defined. C. complanata is a potential bioherbicide of the giant hogweed. An ecological analysis of the C. complanata sample collection sites showed this pathogen is found where the humidity is high, and the temperature is a lower than at other sites of phoma-like micromycetes. The growing degree days >10 ℃ (GDD) of the distribution of the species varies between 106.0 (Shetland) and 911.5 (Lublin, Poland) with rather low average of 570. The minimum and maximum Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient on the boundary of the species area are 3.26 and 1.31, respectively, with the average of 1.9. The species area is characterized by long photoperiods. Classical morphological, histochemical, and molecular methods for founding C. complanata MF‑32.121 in plants were carried out. It is shown that this species, depending on the conditions, can be able to cause the Sosnowsky's hogweed disease, or turns to the endophytic lifestyle. We believe that this is one of the mechanisms that allow the pathogen to survive in harsh natural conditions. The obtained data allow to predict the effectiveness of mycoherbicides depending on environmental conditions, to assess the long-term risks associated with its application and to reveal the spectrum of non-target biological activities.
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