Home – Home – Jornals – Contemporary Problems of Ecology 2023 number 4

Changes in the taxonomic structure of the fungal community during the processing of cow manure with straw using Eisenia fetida worms were studied using fundamentally different methods - cultural and metabarkoding (by amplification and high-performance sequencing of ITS2 rDNA). Significantly more fungal taxa have been identified in substrates and vermicompost by application of metabarkoding than by plating method (66 and 33 species, respectively). Single species were identified simultaneously by both methods. The method of metabarcoding revealed OTE of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota, Basidiobolomycota, Rozellomycota, Aphelidiomycota, fungi from Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mucoromycota were isolated by culture method. The species richness of the community decreased during the first 10-20 days of substrate processing, then grew and reached maximum values in the vermicompost (60 days). Both methods showed the dominance of ascomycetes at all stages of transformation of sunstrates by E. fetida. Metabarcoding showed the dominance of sordariomycetes of the order Sordariales (48-53 %), mainly Zopfiella spp., fungi of the orders Pezizales, Microascales, Hypocreales, Pleosporales, Chaetothyriales, Onygenales, Eurotiales had the representation at the level of several percents. The increase of the portion of Chytridiomycota in the community (from 1,1 to 3.2 %) was observed during vermicomposting. At the same time, the representation of fungi of Mortierellomycota (5.7 to 1,5 %) of genus Mortierella and Basidiomycota (from 8 and 21 to 3 %) decreased with an increase in their diversity. Among the basidiomycetes, Coprinellus marculentus, Coprinellus subdisseminatus, Coprinus annuloporus, Occultifur sp prevailed. According to the plating method, ascomycetes also prevailed during waste processing and in the vermicompost, but it were other species - Diplodascus geotrichum, genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Talaromyces, Trichoderma, Fusarium, mucoromycetes of the genus Mucor and basidiomycetes - Filobasidium wieringae. Fungi capable of decomposition of various polymer compounds in waste, active destructors of lignocellulose have been identified. Coprophiles, keratinophiles, thermophilic and thermotolerant species, representatives of the genera Trichoderma, Penicillium, capable of determining the suppressive properties of vermicompost to phytopathogens and human pathogens were found. The differences in mycobiota during composting and vermicomposting of various wastes are considered.