The influence of climatic conditions on the essential oil composition of Artemisia jacutica (Asteraceae)
E. P. DYLENOVA1, S. V. ZHIGZHITZHAPOVA1, B. V. ZHIGZHITZHAPOV1, B. M. ZHIGMITTCYRENOVA1, A. S. TARASKINA1, O. A. ANENKHONOV2
1Baikal Institute of Nature Management SB RAS (BINM SB RAS), Ulan-Ude, Russia
2Institute of General and Experimental Biology SB RAS (IGEB SB RAS), Ulan-Ude, Russia
Keywords: Artemisia jacutica, essential oils, chemotype, component composition, climatic parameters, hydrothermal coefficient, temperature-humidity extremeness coefficient
Abstract
Artemisia jacutica Drob. is an East Siberian endemic, biennial plant. It is distributed within the Republic of Sakha-Yakutia and the South of Central Siberia. The typical habitats are saline mesic and semi-dry meadows, steppes, salt marsh, abandoned fields and ruderal habitats. The south-eastern border of the species area of distribution is located in Buryatia. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation from air-dry raw materials in the year of collection. The composition of the essential oils was analyzed by chromato-mass spectrometry. The main component of the essential oils of A. jacutica was chamazulene, which showed anti-inflammatory effect. According to the literature and own data it was found that the formation of essential oils’ composition was influenced by climatic conditions, which, obviously, provided the best adaptation of plants to environmental conditions. Climatic conditions determined the composition of essential oils of A. jacutica, resulting to the formation of two chemotypes - “Buryat” and “Yakut”. It has been established that the formation of these chemotypes generates due to differences in the level of heat and moisture supply of habitats, which is expressed by the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC). The temperature-humidity extremeness coefficient calculated on the basis of annual data influenced the ratio of components in the essential oils in a greater degree. Climatic factors (air temperature, precipitation, etc.) and their integral characteristics affected the content of individual components in the essential oils directly or in combination with each other, enhancing or diluting the influence of each other.
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