Urban terrain effect on the traffic noise spreading (a case study of Moscow)
S.V. KHARCHENKO1,2, A.R. MUKHAMETSHIN3, N.V. ANIKINA4, M.A. BYKANOVA5
1Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
2Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Москва, Россия
3EC Devon Ltd, Moscow, Russia
4Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
5Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
Keywords: noise pollution, terrain, field measurements, sound reduction, topography
Abstract
The results of vehicle noise measurements at 10 key areas in Moscow in 2019 with crossed meso- and micro-relief of the terrain in the article are presented. The measurements were carried out synchronously near the road and at different distances from it - at the breakpoints of the hypsometric profile. Paired measurements made it possible to estimate the amount of traffic noise damping (reduction). At the same time, noise suppression was determined instrumentally and verified by computer simulation for a sub-horizontal surface. All this made it possible to assess the influence of the earth’s surface on the traffic noise spread. This effect is estimated at values up to 17 dBA (sound damping due to the noise protection function of the relief). On the series of profiles increasing in noise level was recorded due to the accumulation effect, when the facing noise source relief facets return not absorbed by the surface sound energy and increase the noise level relative to the nominal (for subhorizontal surfaces) by 2-4 dBA. However, the influence of the relief is mostly reducing with average damping rates of 5 dBA over the entire length of the profile (40-120 m in various cases), regardless of the particular profile shape. It is shown that on convex kinks of the surface (terrain brows, ridges) even sub-meter elevation differences are expressed in statistically significant changes in the noise level of the order of 1.5 dBA over the error of sound level meters. At the same time, the influence of the relief is more significant than more dissected Earth’s surface near the road (the first tens of meters). A distance of about 150 m from a separate sound source in an urban environment.
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