Home – Home – Jornals – Scientific journal “Vestnik NSUEM” 2022 number 4

The article presents the results of research conducted by the staff of the Research Institute “New Economy and Business” of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics concerning the role of the Russian educational system in the space of the life of society, where it occupies an extensive sphere of intertwining direct and indirect interests, processes, actions of various parties: from an individual to the entire population of the country; from individual enterprises, organizations, to the entire production; from the employee to the sphere of labor, the entire socio-economic complex of the country. The system of higher education in the format of the Bologna system has been so deeply transplanted by many years of efforts into the entire vast sphere of Russian education, integrated with the spheres of science and labor. society as a whole, that it is difficult even to imagine not only an integral, but even a fragmentary one-time abolition of it. Based on almost 50 years of experience in serving Russian education in the teaching, scientific, and administrative fields, the authors of the article express their opinion regarding the demands seriously expressed in the Russian scientific and pedagogical community for the immediate abolition of the current system of Russian higher education (meaning the Bologna type) and the transition to a new, bearing the features of national tradition. The article notes that currently, the mechanism of simultaneous cancellation and transfer of the system is not yet completely clear. In the final section of the article, conclusions are drawn concerning some aspects of the fate of the Bologna system in the Russian Federation, other innovations of recent years, including the Western model in higher education, based on the experience of previous higher school reforms.

The study is focused on the prospects for the technological development of the oil and gas industry in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the period up to 2030. The forecasts for the development of the oil and gas sector are analyzed, and groups of significant technologies are identified. A survey of experts was conducted; based on expert assessments, technologies were identified that are promising for the modernization of existing and deployment of new industries in the region; these are technologies for seismic exploration, well research, predictive assessment of reservoir productivity, 3D modeling of sedimentary basins; technologies that ensure efficient nature management and environmental protection.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of the system of territorial administration in the Russian Federation, as well as national projects as a key element of a set of program methods. The paper presents the historical excursion of the period 2000-2021, on the basis of which the key properties of the system of the regional structure of the Russian Federation were identified. Special attention is paid to the disclosure of models of regional management (model E.M. Primakova, model of recentralization, model of centralization of power), which formed the basis of the modern management system. A separate aspect investigated the integration of software methods into the management system at the federal level. According to the results of the study, a number of problems of the existing system of territorial administration of the Russian Federation, its main shortcomings, were identified. The authors proposed to adapt the mechanisms and tools of the management system to changing external conditions through the activation of digitalization tools at all levels of interaction, which in the future will contribute to the improvement of management processes and software methods. In the process of preparing the article, the methods of historical systemic and institutional analysis were used.

The modern study of digitalization is based on the differentiation of indicators and types of activities into separate subgroups, one way or another characterizing the level of the digital economy, within a limited (subjective) expert opinion. This study was based on the Network Readiness Index (NRI), as one of the indicators created to assess the level of development of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the network economy (based on Internet technologies) in different countries of the world. The article presents the results of a statistical study of the society’s network readiness index using factor analysis methods to qualitatively change the dimension of a large data array. The classification of the countries of the world according to significant integral indicators of the network readiness index by cluster analysis methods is carried out, conclusions are drawn on the formation of the components of the network readiness index in various typological groups. On the basis of the developed classification, mathematical models were built for each independent group of countries to establish the relationship of the effective attribute from the explanatory integral components - f1 - sufficiency of network space conditions and f2 - technological activity. The resulting factors were GDP, million US dollars (GDP) and the human development index, HDI (HDI) as indicators illustrating the dynamics of changes in the economy and the conditions for the development of society, which should be directly affected by digitalization processes.

The relevance of the exploration is due to the problem of increasing the regions competitiveness by applying the methods of concept catching up and advancing technological development to assess the regions technical efficiency. A comprehensive approach is used to measure the technical efficiency of the region by various methods (DEA-method and MPI, SFA-method and the Cobb-Douglas production function), extended by cluster and dispersion methods as an analytical tool for designing simulation strategies for the development of regions. The object of the research is the regions of the Siberian Federal District, which differ in scale, economic structure and level of socio-economic development. The results of the research showed the effectiveness of using an integrated approach to measuring technical efficiency to develop simulation strategies for the development of regions.

The article provides a statistical analysis of the development of the fuel and energy complex (fuel and energy complex) and types of economic activity (FEA) of the Russian Federation, the Republics of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan, to identify promising areas of development, in the face of unprecedented sanctions of the collective West. The current state and prospects of industrial production in the region, namely the volume of shipped goods of its own production, with an emphasis on the types of activities - DPI, production of petroleum products and coke, production of chemicals and chemical products, transportation and storage, are considered and analyzed in detail. The object of the study is the volume of shipped goods of the Republic of Bashkortostan for the period 2010-2021, as well as a comparison of the results obtained with the strongest industrial regions of the Volga Federal District (PFD), in particular with neighbors from the Republic of Tatarstan.

The article presents and discusses the problems of the realization of the national goals, aimed at strengthening and saving of the population health, improvement of activities of health authorities. Special attention is paid to the goals: preservation of the population, health and wellness of people; comfortable and safe living environment. Russian Federation, Southern Siberian macroregion (Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk and Kemerovo regions, Altai Territory and Republic of Altai) were chosen as the object of the study. The informational basis of the study was formed by open data of the Federal State Statistics Service, territorial bodies of the Federal State Statistics Service, information available at the websites of regulatory bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, authorial assessments of the discussed problems, events and processes. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made.

The effectiveness of the ongoing digital transformations for the country as a whole is largely determined by the results of the development of modern information and communication technologies in individual regions. In 2014, the law determined the need to develop strategies for the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as a result of which all regions developed relevant documents. In 2017, the state program “Development of digital economy technologies in Russia” was approved, which has been transformed since 2019 into the national program “Digital Economy”. This circumstance required updating the socio-economic development strategies developed in the regions. The article analyzes the content of the current strategies of the regions of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation in order to determine the level of their compliance with the requirements of the national program “Digital Economy”. The result of the study is the development of recommendations for taking into account aspects of the digital economy in the structure and content of regional development strategies, as well as for developing measures to increase the level of compliance of existing regional strategies with the main provisions of the national program on digital economy. In the course of the research, the methods of qualitative analysis of test information, the comparison method, and the method of structural analysis were used. The research results contribute to the development of the theory and practice of regional management at the stage of the digital transformation of the national economy.

The article discusses the main problems that the Russian electrical industry faces in the modern period of sanctions restrictions. The article analyzes the situation with the provision of electrical engineering with imported materials on the example of the production of high-voltage cable fittings and high-voltage bushings, and also considers the current possibilities for their import substitution. The authors analyzed the possibility of supplying materials from new Russian suppliers of materials and suppliers from friendly countries, and came to the conclusion that under the current conditions, companies in the industry have the ability to fulfill the tasks of producing electrical equipment for the Russian power grid complex.

The concept of political activity is presented, it is determined that this is a special type of social activity, including domestic and foreign policy. The need for statistics for long-term actions, attracting supporters and denouncing opponents within the framework of political activity is revealed. The main techniques of political figures using statistics both to support and to oppose political leaders are described. Such a tool of political activity as digital populism is considered. Being essentially a powerful stream of absolutely inadequate statistical information that does not reflect current realities, it turns out to be to the liking of the electorate.

One of the most important directions of the state family policy is the elimination of orphanhood. The optimal solution to the problem seems to be the deinstitutionalization of the sphere of orphanhood and the arrangement of family life for children. Studies show that the measures taken by the state have a limited effect which actualizes the search for opportunities to expand the number of participants in preventive work and build a system of interdepartmental interaction. In this context, the purpose of the study was to determine the role of non-profit organizations involved in the prevention of orphanhood at the regional level. The study confirmed that they work effectively with orphans and foster families, and the grant support system has a positive effect on increasing the number and variety of projects implemented in the field of orphanhood prevention.

The problem of prematurity remains one of the most important in modern neonatology. The article provides an assessment of the economic costs for the care, nursing and rehabilitation of premature babies, and using the machine learning method, the lower limit of the gestational age for nursing and active treatment of this category of children is determined, taking into account the influence of the main risk factors for such outcomes as death and disability. The results obtained will reduce the economic burden of the state on the treatment of infants born with extremely low body weight.

The article considers the theoretical approaches to the definition of the “loyalty” notion depending on emotional component, satisfaction, attitude towards the product (service), organization, psychological assessment etc. An attempt was made to abandon not quite rational and productive approach of stating various characteristics in the notion. The paper suggests an authorial approach for studying loyalty, a number of variables of the research were formulated, which showed the possibility of use in different organization for loyalty monitoring following its approbation.

The article considers the methodical approaches to the solution of the problem of the assessment of the influence of digital economy on economic performance. The solution of the set problem is very important not only in the regional but national scale as well. The methodical approach to studying unevenness of digital development of the regions in terms of its certain segments (business and population) was suggested and tested. The analysis of the influence of digital economy on social and economic development of the regions was carried out. The assessment of the degree of the influence of the digital changes on the Russian economy in general was made. Conclusions were drawn. The data of the “Indicators of digital economy” statistical compilation were used as the informational base of the study.

In the context of the implementation of a national action plan related to the leveling of the negative consequences of the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection and ensuring, among other things, the growth of the Russian economy and the corresponding structural changes, as well as taking into account the external sanctions imposed on Russia and the various restrictions generated by them that restrain the development of the national economy, today the issues of developing and the speedy implementation of measures aimed at ensuring the technological sovereignty of our country. The article substantiates appropriate measures, including improving approaches to ensuring the modern level of technological equipment of economic sectors, increasing the role of research and development in the development of the domestic economic complex.