Home – Home – Jornals – Scientific journal “Vestnik NSUEM” 2022 number 2

Sustainable development of rice production in Russia requires serious scientific argumentation from the economical point of view. The analysis of journal articles of domestic specialists devoted to rice production economy reveals their relatively high number (44 works during 5 years) and diversity (11 themes attributed to 3 thematic clusters). The geographical distribution of these articles is highly uneven, and the majority of them are linked by focus and authors’ affiliation to the Krasnodar Region. Meantime, several regions developing rice production (also very successfully) lack the relevant articles. Many articles bear limited citations of sources, and the use of fresh international information is minimal. The results indicate on the interest of Russian specialists to the economical aspects of rice production, although the current state of the related scientific argumentation is a kind of challenge to sustainability of this direction of crop production, and this requires implementation of special research initiatives.

The main problems hindering the timely implementation of the adopted programs for the long-term development of the country’s economy are identified and analyzed. The role of science and technology in achieving strategic advantages by economic entities is substantiated, as well as the need to update and strengthen the scientific, technical and innovative potential of domestic enterprises, primarily chemical industries and mechanical engineering. The options for financing programs of socio-economic development of the country are proposed.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created huge challenges for all aspects of life, including social, economic, social activities, healthcare, government and business activities. After the mandatory closure and quarantine, there is new hope in the fight against the virus, as vaccines and new precautions have been implemented around the world, but the crisis is not over yet. Many lessons from this crisis are still being learned, indicating the need for human resource managers to review lessons learned from past emergencies and disasters, in addition to organizational responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, existing human resources management plans and policies, occupational safety and health procedures, and plans to ensure continuity of operations in future emergencies will need to be reviewed.

Large-scale digitalization of the economy has provoked the emergence of new forms of employment, which are classified as non-standard according to the International Labor Organization. The article considers the development of job sharing as a megatrend of digital globalization in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic. The possibilities and risks of using job sharing are considered. The results of the author’s study of the use of job-sharing in the face of the challenges of the BANI-world are presented.

The article considers the public procurement system as a tool for the fiscal policy within the framework of the implementation of state programs, national and federal projects of the Russian Federation, as support for small businesses, as an object of antimonopoly regulation. The aim of the work is to reflect institutional changes in the public procurement system in the context of the development of digitalization processes. The indicators affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of procurement activities are identified, based on the analysis of the state of procurement activities of the Russian Federation for 2017-2020, an assessment of the effectiveness of the contract system of the Russian Federation is given. Institutional changes in the public procurement system have had a significant impact on reducing transaction costs, increasing the level of competition, taking into account the possibility of participating in procurement regardless of the geographical location of participants, increasing the efficiency of procurement processes. The result of the article is to clarify the main indicators of efficiency and effectiveness of procurement activities, as well as to propose new performance indicators that are aimed at ensuring competitiveness, budget savings, compliance with legislation in the field of procurement, support for small businesses and the implementation of national projects.

The article considers the main indicators of industrial production in Berdsk, city in the Novosibirsk Region, in a period of 2012-2019. In particular, the dynamics of industrial output and volume of innovative products of Berdsk was analyzed. The analysis was carried out both for gross values of the mentioned indicators and their indices of actual volume, i.e. the dynamics was analyzed without regard to price level change. The contribution of industry to the economy of Berdsk was revealed. Core enterprises of the city and small innovative enterprises, where certain high-tech manufacturing is formed, were defined. The comparison of the main indicators, characterizing industrial production of Berdsk, with similar indicators for the Novosibirsk Region in general was made. It was revealed that the development of this f

The article considers the issues of improving financial literacy of the population and develops its multifactorial model. It is concluded that digital financial literacy contributes to the formation of sustainable skills among the population that help to search, evaluate and choose financial services to improve the quality of life. Users of financial services are becoming more informed, responsible and selective in their financial decisions, and mathematical tools for analyzing financial culture provide an opportunity to make an objective analysis of financial activity and explain the legality or illegality of certain actions in digital profiles of citizens, which indirectly helps to ensure personal financial security.

The article analyzed the main problems of the world development related to the increasing pollution of oceans, land and space at the hands of human population and as a result of the activities of legal entities which are producers of the most types of products. Inter-country (by the example of the USA, Canada and some European countries) comparison of the experience in solving the waste management problem in the context of legislative, economical and organizational measures was made. The authors suggested several indicators as the criteria of assessment of efficiency of the system of the measures for prevention of waste formation, recycling, removal and reuse. The problematics in the Russian Federation was also assessed, including the progress of the “Ecology” national project implementation, and the recommendations regarding increase of efficiency of the state and municipal management in this field of social development in dual context of the commitment to the experience of the North American continent and own way of formation of a new model of waste management, with specialized hubs located near large cities and industrial centers acting as central cores, as well as creation of the incentive system for individuals and legal entities regarding the employment of separate waste collection technology.

The article considers in depth the key aspects of implementation of the “Health” national project in the territory of the South Siberian macroregion (Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo Regions, Altai Territory, Republic of Altai); the emphasis is laid on the comparative analysis of the state and dynamics of the main indicators of health, indicators of development of healthcare systems of the macroregion subjects in 2005 - 2018 time interval; open data of government statistics, information posted at the websites of authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, ratings of the territories and authorial assessments of the processes in progress were used as information base; conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made.

The article reveals methodological guidelines of the scientific study of healthcare system as a space for the construction and reproduction of social trust/distrust in Russian society. It is investigated how the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of media rhetoric and health policy of the last decades, have affected trust in healthcare institute in Russia today. The cognitive limitation of the modern concepts is connected with the reduction of social trust to positive perceptions of health services and their external accessibility, although it should rather be about the result of influence of the social situation, culture as well as individual traits, social values, attitudes and self-preservation behavioral patterns. It is shown that there is methodological turn significance from quantitative sociological assessments of medical care consumers’ satisfaction to qualitative interpretive practices of different institutional agents’ activities that allow revealing the deep socio-economic, organizational, managerial and socio-cultural factors of distrust in the healthcare sphere. The author comes to conclusion that the polyparadigmality and multidisciplinary constitute the key conceptual advantage of sociological methodology, since social trust in healthcare is a complex and layered reality, with its own internal dynamics and structure.

The article is devoted to changing the role of a person in a changing social reality. The social background constructed to date has become a qualitatively defining marker and a bifurcation point for a profound change in the habitual way of life of society. In this regard, it is possible to state the formation of multilevel system-paradigm, socio-cultural shifts both in the social reality itself, the usual way of life, in the established pictures of the world of modern society, and in the minds of people. In this regard, the question arises about man as the main factor and at the same time the subject of ongoing transformations. Using the example of transhumanism as one of the actively developing practice-oriented philosophical trends, the author analyzes the main trends in changing attitudes towards a person, his role and place in social reality.

For a comprehensive study of the topic, several methods were used: analysis of messages in social media, telephone survey and focus group interviews. It was found that almost half of the respondents did not have a clear idea of what the right to health care includes; others envision the right as mostly free, high quality and accessible medical care. Authors identified the need of residents for medical care and assessed the volume of rights violations (January-September 2020). The study described the main behavioral strategies of population when faced with rights violation: avoiding the problem, solving the problem “on the spot”, solving the problem after violation. The study presents practical recommendations on organization and structure of channels for citizens’ appeal and awareness campaigns.

In this article, the author compares the effectiveness of TensorFlow detection models in solving the problem of detecting areas with eyes in human face photo. Experiments of two types were carried out: additional training of a pretrained detection model and training of the model from scratch. Face images from Flickr-Faces-HQ Dataset were used to form training and evaluation samples. The article describes the training parameters, shows classification and localization loss graphs, assesses the accuracy of the trained models, and also demonstrates the operation of the “SSD MobileNet V2 FPNLite 320×320” detection model trained from scratch, which received the highest accuracy scores after additional training and training from scratch. For programs with a requirement for IoU of detected objects greater than 0.5, the accuracy of the model is 99.9 %. The results of the experiments can be applied in various researches, that use the TensorFlow platform to detect objects in images, and only one class of objects is detected.

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the indicators characterizing the use of three types of information and communication technologies, namely wired and wireless Internet, own websites, as well as electronic data exchange by Russian organizations. The official information of Rosstat for 2020 was used as empirical data. Empirical data modeling was based on the density functions of the normal distribution. The study showed that about 78 % of organizations used the Internet, 44 % of organizations had their own websites, 49 % of them carried out electronic data exchange.

The article substantiates the scientific inconsistency of modern economic theory, which is based on the market model of production relations. It is proved that they have entered the final phase of their development - a digital format in which they reach their limit and must be replaced by a more progressive type of economic mechanism. It is verified that he must obey the action of the ethical laws of being, according to which the material basis and the mental superstructure of society constitute a single configuration that ensures the harmonious development of the individual. The article gives a description of the subject and method of alternative economics, as well as the most important principles that make up its foundation.