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Flora and Vegetation of Asian Russia

2022 year, number 2

1.
TAXONOMIC COMPOSITION AND ECOLOGICAL-GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FAMILY HELIOTROPIACEAE AND BORAGINACEAE OF THE FLORA OF REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

Svetlana V. Ovchinnikova1, Natalia Yu. Beshko2, Dilorom M. Tajetdinova2, Komiljon Sh. Tojibaev2
1Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Institute of Botany Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Keywords: Heliotropiaceae, Boraginaceae, flora, ecological analysis, chorological group, range type, endemic, Middle Asia, Uzbekistan

Abstract >>
The research was carried out within the framework of the “Flora of Uzbekistan” project. In connection with the critical revision of the species of the families Heliotropiaceae and Boraginaceae of the flora of Uzbekistan, the herbarium materials stored in the Herbariums LE, MW, TASH, AA, TAD, NS, NSK, TK, P were studied. Heliotropiaceae is represented by 2 genera and 15 species and the family Boraginaceae by 31 genera and 118 species distributed in 10 tribes. The largest number of species is represented by genera from the tribes Eritrichieae (31) and Cynoglosseae (25). The tribe Lithospermeae (21) is distinguished by the specificity of the species composition. Species of family Heliotropiaceae and small tribes Trichodesmeae (3), Heterocaryinae (6), Myosotideae (9) emphasize the ancient nature of the flora of the republic. Representatives of the tribes Boragineae (8) and Echieae (3) were either introduced in ancient times, naturalized and occupy vast areas, or occupy weedy habitats. When comparing the taxonomic composition of borage in Uzbekistan with the composition of genera and species of the neighboring republics of Central Asia, it was found that the borage flora of Turkmenistan and Tadjikistan is characterized by the closest composition. When analyzing the ranges of all species found on the territory of Uzbekistan, three chorological groups with 14 types of ranges were identified. It is shown that the Iranian-Turanian chorological group determines the specifics of the species composition of borage in Uzbekistan, and the Holarctic chorological group emphasizes the diversity and diversity of both autochthonous and allochthonous representatives of the flora. Ecological analysis shows that landscapes are widely represented in Uzbekistan, found in deserted mountain steppes in black forest, juniper, semi-savannah and shilyak belts at altitudes up to 2500 m. 39 species of borage grow in these communities. On the territory of Uzbekistan, xerophytic and cryoxerophytic lines of evolution were noted in families - 119 species, with a slight participation of mesophytic and cryomesophytic - 14 species. The flora is dominated by biennial monocarpics and ephemera - 70 species and herbaceous polycarpics - 63 species.



2.
SPECIES DIAGNOSTICS IN TRIPOLIUM GENUS (ASTERACEAE) WITH A VIEW TO HETEROCARPY

Elena Korolyuk
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
l_korolyuk@ngs.ru
Keywords: carpology, halophyte, heterocarpy, morphology, taxonomy, Tripolium vulgare, T. pannonicum

Abstract >>
Tripolium genus is represented by the only species Tripolium pannonicum (Jacq.) Dobrocz. The individuals of this species feature variable morphological characters due to wide distribution area of the species covering vast territory from the Atlantic coast of Europe through the Pacific Ocean. As a typical halophyte, it grows in azonal communities of several latitude zones. The study was based on the analysis of morphological characters which used to be diagnostic in distinguishing between the closely related taxa: T. pannonicum (Jacq.) Dobrocz. subsp. tripolium (L.) Greuter. (T. vulgare s. str.) and T. pannonicum (Jacq.) Dobrocz. subsp. pannonicum. The significance of morphological diagnostic characters in protologs and subsequent botanical literature is discussed. Such morphological characters as presence/absence of heterocarpy and stem branching pattern are stated to be independent of geographical distribution of populations. They rather represent an adaptive character of propagation in annual plants of Tripolium pannonicum (Jacq.) Dobrocz. under variable environmental conditions of under flooding zone.



3.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF GEASTRUM MELANOCEPHALUM (GEASTRACEAE, BASIDIOMYCOTA) IN SIBERIA IN PRESENT AND UNDER CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Vyacheslav A. Vlasenko1, Dejidmaa Turmunkh2, Anastasiya V. Vlasenko1
1Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
vlasenkomyces@mail.ru
2Plant Protection Research Institute of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
dejidmaa.chag@gmail.com
Keywords: Species distribution modelling, Asia, rare species

Abstract >>
Determining the spatial distribution of rare fungal species is critical to understanding the environmental factors that affect them. Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) spatial distribution modeling solves this problem by allowing inferences about species distribution and ecological resistance from occurrence data. Using this method, we mapped the current and potential geographic distribution of the rare species G. melanocephalum. To establish the regularities in the geographical distribution of the studied species in Siberia, we created its distribution models using Wordclim bioclimatic variables and the MaxEnt software. We modelled the species’ habitat suitability under current conditions (~1950-2000 AD) and in a future climate (2100 AD) based on 11 records of the species’ spatial distribution. Most localities of G. melanocephalum in Siberia are 200-500 meters above sea level. The optimal climatic conditions for G. melanocephalum in Siberia are typical of the habitats represented in the Kazakh forest-steppe, South Siberian forest-steppe, and hemiboreal forests of Western Siberia, in the zone of contact between the plains and foothills.



4.
ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT OF THE HABITAT IMPORTANCE ON TERRITORIES OF À NEW DEVELOPMENT THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST

Irina G. Borisova, Tatyana N. Veklich, Elena V. Lesik, Natalia A. Kochunova
Amur Branch of the Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far East Branch of the RAS, Blagoveshensk, Russia
Keywords: geobotanical map, habitat mapping, expert judgment, significance, geobotanical and floristic criteria, EUNIS, Amur region

Abstract >>
The Russian Far East has large areas of natural and semi-natural ecosystems. With the intensification of economic activity, it is necessary here a new look at the environmental policy with a focus on increasing the value of nature and its resources. The work consisted of converting a geo-botanical map into a habitat map. Habitats are presented in categories of “significance” and “value”. For all habitats are available floristic, ecological and biotope characteristics. The study area is a part of the Amur-Zeya plain. It is limited by geographical coordinates: 128°07 -128°23  north latitude and 51°25 -51°34  east longitude. It is part of the territory of advanced social and economic development “Svobodny”. The vegetation has been largely modified by humans. There are practically no native plant communities left here (pine, oak-pine, black birch-pine and black birch-oak-pine forests with larch). At present, secondary forest communities (oak, black birch, white birch) and their re-generative series grow here. The flora of the studied area includes 430 species of vascular plants. The list of fungi is represented by 267 species of macromycetes. The plant communities include 20 rare species of vascular plants listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation (2008) and the Amur Region (2020). Plant communities are the main indicator of habitat, and their boundaries mark habitat boundaries. Habitats were divided into 5 groups: valuable, significant, moderately significant, insignificant and disturbed. In addition, the compliance of biotopes with the European habitat classification EUNIS was taken into account. Valuable habitats occupy 3 % of the total area on the habitat map. They include habitats of particular importance for the protection and the conservation of biological and landscape diversity. The significant habitats occupy 17 % of the total area. They include the Upper Amur forests (pine, oak and oak-black birch forests), mari, swamps and coastal aq-uatic vegetation, which have signs of standard natural communities. Moderately significant habitats account for 22 % of the territory. They belong also to natural communities, but have signs of disturbance. The insignificant habitats occupy 21 % of the total area. Species diversity decreases significantly here. Disturbed habitats occupy the largest areas (37 %).



5.
NEW AND RARE ADVENTIVE SPECIES IN THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION

Dmitriy N. Shaulo, Elena Yu. Zykova
Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: invasive species, Novosibirsk Region, floristic findings, alien species

Abstract >>
It is reported about 10 new adventive species for the Novosibirsk region: ergasiophytes Berberis thunbergii, Brassica oleracea, Crataegus pinnatifida var. major, Eutrochium maculatum, Malus domestica, Prunus maackii, Sorghum drummondii, Tagetes erecta, and ergasioxenophyte Setaria italica. New localities of xenophytes Lolium multiflorum, Medicago sativa subsp. varia, Silene noctiflora and ergasiophytes Amelanchier humilis, Malus prunifolia, Mentha suaveolens, Physocarpus opulifolius, Tanacetum parthenium, which are rarely found in the Novosibirsk region, have been noted.



6.
SYNTAXONOMICAL NOTES. 1

Andrey Yu. Korolyuk1,2, Tatiana M. Lysenko3,4,5, Yaroslav M. Golovanov6, Nadezda V. Sinelnikova7, Marya A. Polyakova1, Irina S. Chupina1, Sergey M. Yamalov6
1Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia
3Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
4Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin RAS, Togliatti, Russia
5Tobolsk complex scientific station UB RAS, Tobolsk, Russia
6South Ural botanical garden-institute of Ufa Federal Scientific Centre RAS, Ufa, Russia
7Institute of Biological Problems of the North FEB RAS, Magadan, Russia
Keywords: vegetation, floristic classification, Caspian region, Southern Urals, Siberia, classes Ammophiletea, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Cleistogenetea squarrosae, Festuco-Puccinellietea, Epilobietea angustifolii

Abstract >>
The article presents new data on the distribution of two associations of the class Epilobietea angustifolii Tx. et Preising ex von Rochow 1951 in the South Urals (Torilidetum japonicae Lohmeyer ex Görs et Müller 1969, Urtico dioicae-Chamaenerietum angustifolii Likhanova et Zheleznova 2021) and the association Artemisio nitrosae- Puccinellietum tenuissimae Korolyuk 1993 Korolyuk 1993 class Festuco-Puccinellietea Soó ex Vicherek 1973) in Western Siberia.