Home – Home – Jornals – Scientific journal “Vestnik NSUEM” 2022 number 1

Area of study - external reflexively active environment with covering of information «cloudiness of turbulent mixing» of elements-data. Subject of study - methods of arrangement of information chaos, included in the processes of generation and reception of information. The aim consists both in the development of theoretical concepts of external reflexively active environment, formed by information media, and in the elaboration of maximally plausible model of reflection of the environmental «reality» in mental «vision» of decision makers. Tasks. Generalization of the fundamental scientific presuppositions of the «knowledge» category, falling into the conceptual framework of the theory of robust stability and explaining high sensitivity of the system to changes in initial data. Structuring of information chaoscovering of the environment under study, through examination of the generation process: selection of sources of information generation; arrangement of the concepts of area of study - «reproduction of new». Determination of the nature of «information cloudiness» in accordance with offered hierarchy of information structures, revelation of their covering via the use of the apparatus, describing entity characteristics of the behavior of reception process. Formation of the matrix of connectedness of types of structural formations of «information cloudiness» and cognitive tools of reception. Methodology. Logic of the study is built on dichotomy of the «appearance» and «reality» categories. The retrospective analysis considers the development of the approaches to structuring of external environment as an early stage of reproduction of the knowledge concerning object. The existing knowledge concerning external environment is supplemented, on the one hand, by the detailed decomposition of its structural model, on the other hand, by the development of the concepts of the methods of recognition of data entered into certain «information cloudiness». The objectness of information reception is reflected by formalized structures, composing cognitive tools of the transformer of information into knowledge. Results. Information sensitivity of robust control is justified, and a hierarchical model of information structures of external reflexively active environment is built. The types of «information cloudiness», making it possible to realize typological grouping of data, are defined for each structural formation. The matrix of connectedness of structural formations is built on the grounds of: types of «information cloudiness»; cognitive tools of reception. Scientific novelty lies in formation of the methodological approach revealing logic of the study. The application of the approach makes it possible to create the reflection, maximally close to «reality», of entity characteristics of chaotic external reflexively active environment filled with uncertainty and turbulent information flows; in building a mental model of decision maker, - their «vision» through transformation of reality via processes of generation of information structures and reception of «information cloudiness», covering of structural formations, by clustering of data and formalization of structures concerning transformation of information into knowledge. Currently important line of research is aimed at reaching maximum reflection of real state of information space of external environment in the mental model of decision maker, caused by the increasing requirements applicable to quality of information and its significant influence, exercised on the effectiveness of

The economy of our country and the enterprises that make up its basis are characterized by low indicators of labor productivity. One of the ways to eliminate this problem is the widespread digitalization of processes, which allows for total fixation of all operations, optimization of processes through deep analytics, automation of basic operations, operational restructuring of the strategy for changes predicted by big data analysis systems. For a number of reasons, the processes of digitalization of production, labor relations, financial and other operations are constrained, which does not allow obtaining the necessary effect from the implementation of expensive digital transformation projects. The world of work is one of the areas of promising changes, it is in it, according to experts, that the maximum effect from the digitalization of processes and functions can be manifested, for example: personnel assessment and development, remuneration, fixation of all labor transactions. Through the analysis of constraining factors, as well as an assessment of lost profits, recommendations were formed in the work for the development of directions for the digitalization of production processes at Russian industrial enterprises

The article considers the domestic and foreign experience of interpretation of the concept of «rural territories», associated with the ambiguity of its design. The approaches to the division of settlements into urban and rural are indicated. The approach to the types of settlements used in Russia is systematized. The basic criteria used for the typification of non-urbanized territories in the Russian Federation and in the OECD methodology are highlighted. The main demographic trends of the Novosibirsk region are analyzed. The typification of rural areas of the region according to a number of indicators used by domestic and foreign researchers was carried out.

The importance of agriculture to the modern economy actualizes investigation of the related investment processes. The example of the regions of the Southern Federal District is used to study the spatio-temporal dynamics of industry-based unit investments (taking into account agricultural area, number of employees and production cost equivalent). Series of special cartographical models are used for interpretation. The results revealed significant dynamism of investments during five years. It has become possible to trace geographical regularities of their changes and describe them by image models («wave», «spreading drop» and «waves from scattered drops»). Generally, the studied spatio-temporal dynamics of investments demonstrates oscillatory

The article is based on the results of an empirical study of management efficiency at agricultural enterprises in the Sevastopol region. The experience of the formation and functioning of the system of strategic management of the land and property complex in the organizations of the agrarian sector of the Russian Federation demonstrates a number of significant limitations and complications, including the dynamism of changes in the external environment, the lack of strategic vision of business development, unpreparedness of personnel, poor knowledge of strategic management tools etc., reducing its effectiveness, which requires a comprehensive study and approach to a solution. As a result of the study, a balanced approach to determination of the required number of BSC indicators was justified, supplementing the traditional BSC model with an investment component and justifying its use. The introduction of the BSC, as a method of strategic management adapted to the peculiarities of the agricultural business, makes it possible to solve the economic problems of each agricultural enterprise, as well as to form and implement an optimal management strategy in accordance with the available strategic opportunities.

Achieving a real breakthrough in the development of the economy of the country, of a particular region implies the introduction of innovative technologies into the regional education system of the constituent entities of the Federation. In the context of the coronavirus pandemic, it is necessary to apply mixed teaching methods, adjust curricula and ensure the preservation of the health of students and teachers. The analysis of the implementation of the indicators of the state program and subprograms of education development for 2020 is carried out. The structure of budget expenditures for 2019-2020 is considered.

The article considers the main factors that have a positive effect on the quantity demanded for cryptocurrency, and information is the primary one. The authors separately consider the use of Bitcoin throughout 2020 as the leading cryptocurrency on the market. The position of the direct dependence of the value of other cryptocurrencies on the behavior of Bitcoin is given. The study shows that in the modern world, cryptocurrency is not only an investment tool but also a payment instrument which gathers momentum. This is evidenced by the annual expansion of the use of cryptocurrency in the market for goods, works and services. Despite the increasing demand for cryptocurrencies, the problem of infrastructure formation remains open. In modern times, cryptocurrency exchanges appear to be a key element of the infrastructure of the cryptocurrency market, their functioning cannot be stabilized in individual states, which leads to the formation of a shadow cryptocurrency market. A significant aspect of the functioning of cryptocurrencies is the difference in the key factors affecting the cryptocurrency market and the securities market. For the first market such a factor is information, for the second - financial position of the issuer of the securities. It shows investors the difference between these segments of the financial market. In the future, with the participation of all elements of the cryptocurrency market, it is possible to form a balanced system that will function steadily under the influence of external factors.

The article presents the state and changes in the quantitative characteristics of small business entities in Russia. The advantages of special tax regimes as one of the priority directions of the state economic policy are reflected. The role of tax incentives as one of the support methods is defined. The authors noted the support of small business in the Novosibirsk region in the light of federal initiatives for the development of business incentives. The final conclusion lies in the need for creation of favorable conditions for the activities of small business, recognizing its importance at the present stage of economic development of the domestic economy.

The article considers the evolution of the accounting system in the context of the development of the digital economy. The reasons for the decline in the functionality of accounting in modern conditions and the factors determining its further development are marked out. The content of the main directions of transformation of accounting is revealed, they include the following: the emergence of new types of accounting and a change in their significance for the purposes of managing an organization; changes in accounting methodology; reorganization of the organization and improvement of individual accounting processes; the emergence of new accounting objects; changes in the requirements for the competencies of accounting personnel.

The formation and development of the digital services market is a key area of the digital transformation of the national economy. The purpose of the given research is to assess the maturity of the digital services market and to propose measures for its further development. A retrospective analysis through the assessment based on the totality of economic indicators of the digital services market and on the innovative level of a federal district in the context of national indicators makes it possible to identify the level of the regional digital services market development and to outline the priority directions for its further development.

The relevance of the study is due to significant differences in performance assessments based on non-parametric (DEA) and parametric (SFA) approaches. This problem leads to the inadequacy of the interpretation of the efficiency estimates and the incorrectness of the generated management decisions. The article calculates the DEA and SFA indicators of the efficiency for enterprises in six significant sectors of the Russian economy. A comparative analysis of the DEA and SFA estimates of efficiency in the context of industries and size of enterprises is carried out. We show the possibility of their joint use for making management decisions.

The article presents an informational overview of modern mortgage lending models used in the USA, Russia and a number of the EU countries. The categories of the labor market and the dynamics of income of the population in Russia are evaluated in the context of mortgage availability and taking into account the territorial factor. The analysis of the state of housing mortgage lending in Russia and a number of the EU countries in a comparative assessment is carried out, taking into account both the realities of social development against the background of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic and its consequences, and the pricing process in this segment.

Based on the use of the methods of mathematical statistics, in combination with the use of evolutionary-genetic and systemic-cyclical approaches to the study of the dynamics of the average annual growth rates of indicators of innovation activity in the mega-regions of the United States in the space-time continuum, tendencies of mega-regionalization at all stages of the innovation cycle and implementation are revealed. innovative product. The quantitative accumulation of results characterizing the innovation process during periods of qualitative change in the structural phases of the American accumulation cycle and technological orders in 1961-2020, correlated with each other, contributes to the understanding of the evolution of the US mega-regions as self-sufficient entities that determine civilizationally necessary social phenomena - innovation and the knowledge economy.

The article presents a new method for constructing confidence intervals. A formula obtained on the basis of Chebyshev's inequality is used, it is applied in the recurrent method in the case of unknown variance. A new method for describing the direct and inverse Laplace functions is proposed. The developed methods can be used not only for normal distribution, but also for any other, as well as in the case when the type of distribution law of a random variable is unknown. The practical implementation is shown by a concrete example of calculating the confidence interval for the student's score obtained from the test results.

The article deals with the key theoretical aspects of concession agreements, domestic and foreign experience in the implementation of concessions. It presents the classification of countries by degree and number of concession agreements, as well as by type of contracts. The dynamics of concession agreements in Russia from 2016 to 2020 and the distribution of concluded contracts by socially important sectors of the economy of the Russian Federation from 2009 to 2019 are considered. Forecasts are given for the development of the concession market and possible ways of attracting private investment during the post-pandemic crisis caused by coronavirus (COVID-19).

The article considers the preferences received by all participants of financial transactions in the course of implementation of digital technologies. It identifies the opportunity to modify the general marketing banks strategy based on digitalization and, as a result, to change the entire bank system configuration towards the strengthening of corporate banking structures through the creation of digital ecosystems. It was proved that corporate reliability of digital ecosystem in the market of banking services was ensured by absolute minimization of credit and other financial risks, total elimination of bank fraud. The formation of digital ecosystem in DPR based on the institution of Central Republican Bank (CRB) was suggested. It is substantiated that creation of the CRB DPR ecosystem will secure working capital for enterprises and other business entities of this old industrial region and will increase the efficiency of local authorities in provision of social and other essential services to the public.

Small-serial and individual machine building enterprises, due to their specific features, often experience difficulties in implementing classical principles and the methods of management described in economic science, including the field of product sales management. Meanwhile, planning and organizing products sales are key functions of sales management to achieve primary goals of business. The article presents a methodology for the improvement of planning and organization of product sales through a detailed analysis of its indicators, according to data of the operating machine building enterprise.