Home – Home – Jornals – Flora and Vegetation of Asian Russia 2017 number 4

In April 2017, the steppes mycobiota of the “Rostov” strict nature reserve and its environs were studied. Th ere are 75 species have been identified, of which 85 % belong to class Basidiomycota, and 15 % to Ascomycota. One species ( Cheilymenia dennisii ) firstly mentioned for Russia, eight species are first indicated for Rostov province, and 20 are new for the nature reserve. Among Basidiomycota, the largest groups are “aphyllophoroid” (29 species), “agaricoid” (17) and “gasteroid” (14). A number of species have been identified ( Polyporus rhizophilus , Gastrosporium simplex , Geastrum campestre , etc.) included in several Red Data Books of the steppe regions of Russia. A large number of rare and indicative species of fungi found in the “Rostov” state nature reserve characterizes this territory as an important site for the conservation of the steppe mycobiota of Eurasia.

Taxonomic studies were conducted in the largest herbarium collections in Russia (ALTB, IRK, KFTA, LE, LECB, MW, MHA, MOSP, NS, NSK, PERM, PGFA, SVER, TK, VBGI, VLA) and abroad (BM, E, EWH, G, K, KB, P, SNU, W, WU, Z), which allowed to continue the typification of names in the genus Primula L. The lectotype (LE01024083), synthype (LE01024084) of P . macrocalyx Bunge and lectotype of P . maximowiczii Regel (LE01032003 ) were determinated.

The ways of preserving 46 Siberian species of the genus Viola L. are presented. It is established that 98 % of species are protected under natural conditions (specially protected natural territories and lists of Red Books) or in introductory centers. The possibilities of recovery of natural populations are considered.

On the basis of revision of herbarium SASY (Yakutsk) a review of species of the genus Castilleja Mutis ex L. f., growing in Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is made. Herbarium collections reliably confirmed the occurrence on the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) of 9 species of Castilleja and 2 species ( C. caudata (Pennell) Rebr. and C. elegans Malte) are given on the basis of literature data. In the result of morphological features analysis and characteristics of distribution of yakut species materials were identified which were described as new species C. galañtionovae E.G. Nikolin and new variety - C. rubra (Drob.) Rebr. var. multicaulis E.G. Nikolin. Key for determination of species and data on their distribution in Yakutia are presented.

Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia is a plant with a daily rhythm of fl owering and obligate autogamy, which retained some of the features entomophilous character in the structure of the flowers. Adichogamy and self-compatibility provide the contact autogamy.

Classification and ecologo-coenotic analysis results of alders of the Altai-Sayan Mts. is presented according to the Braun-Blanquet approach. Communities belong to four associations, three of them ( Doronico altaici-Duscheki etum fruticosae , Bergenio crassifoli-Duschekietum fruticosae and Athyrio distentifoliae-Duschekietum frutico sae ) is included in the class Mulgedio-Aconitetea (alliance Trollio asiaticae-Crepidion sibiricae , order Trollio- Crepidetalia sibiricae ) and association Carici iljinii-Duschekietum fruticosae ) is included in the class Loiseleu rio-Vaccinietea (alliance Empetro-Betulion rotundifoliae , order Betuletalia rotundifoliae ).

Rhythmological features of 11 species of the genus Campanula L. of different ecologo-geographical origin have been studied. It is revealed that the natural and climatic conditions of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia represent the zone of ecological optimum for the growth of these mesophilous species, which is appeared as stable, well adapted rhythms of seasonal development. Their phenorhythmotypes are long-growing with early or medium terms of regrowth, spring-summer or summer-flowering, inherent to the herbaceous polycarpics of aboriginal flora. The high phenodates variability is established, while the duration of the main periods of seasonal development varies less, confi rming the stable character of the rhythmological processes in the species under introduction.

Th e effi cient systems of in vitro establishment and direct shoot regeneration from floral explants of frost-resistant genotypes of Rhododendron L. genus promising for landscaping and breeding (semi-evergreen species R. sichotense Pojark. and evergreen cultivar ‘Pohjola′s Daughter’) were developed. The isolated pistil with pedicle was used as a floral explant. The effects of various thidiazuron (TDZ) concentrations and TDZ combinations with 2-isopentiladenin (2-iP) and indolyl-3-butyric acid (IBA) as well as with zeatin were tested. Th e regeneration occurred directly from pedicle tissues. The study revealed the genotypic differences between morphogenic responses of ‘Pohjola′s Daughter’ and R. sichotense fl oral explants. To induce the regeneration from ‘Pohjola′s Daughter’ floral explants, the optimum medium was Andersen’s medium (AM) supplemented with 2.5 μM TDZ in combination with 73.8 μM 2-iP and 15.0 μM IBA whereas the presence of 1.0 μM TDZ was suffi cient for R. sichotense regeneration. The maximum of shoots per explant obtained when explants culturing on optimum composition of AM amounted to 26.21 ± 5.26 for ‘Pohjola′s Daughter’ and 17.40 ± 3.07 for R. sichotense . Th e developed clonal micropropagation protocols based on the direct shoot regeneration from floral explants R. sichotense and ‘Pohjola′s Daughter’ can be used for genetic resources conservation, breeding program development and commercial large-scale propagation.

Th e effective technologies of in vitro establishment and micropropagation of three cultivated strawberry genotypes ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) acclimatizated for Siberian region (‘Sunny Glade’, ‘June Smile’ and the selected hybrid of 5-90-21) have been developed using the stolon apical meristems as explants. The sterilization of explants was optimized by application of 0.2 % silver nitrate solution as a sterilizing agent. Th e effects of various 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations (0.25-2.0 mg/l) on in vitro explant regeneration potential on Murashige- Skoog (MS) and Gamborg-Eveleigh (B₅) media were studied. The best medium variant to initiate the organogenesis from ‘June Smile’ cultivar was MC supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP, whereas for 5-90-21 hybrid and ‘Sunny Glade’ cultivar it was B₅ with the same BAP concentration. Subsequent cultivation of the developed microshoots on media for micropropagation has shown the effectiveness of B₅ medium supplemented with 0.75 mg/l BAP for all genotypes: maximum number of axillary microshoots per explant was amounted to 4.90 ± 0.35 for hybrid 5-9021, 7.16 ± 0.33 - for ‘Sunny Glade’ and 5.93 ± 0.39 - for ‘June Smile’. The obtained results can be used for development of production system of a healthy planting strawberry material through biotechnological approaches.

In A.A. Achimova′s book “Plants of Altai mountains in customs and traditions of the Altains” information is collected about the plants use as a totem, in ceremonies such as wedding or funeral, in birth and upbringing of a child, in the traditional kitchen, in medicine, in hunting. It is noted that although plants are still used by Altai people their importance in all activities is reduced. Number of people with knowledge of plants consumed in everyday life, is reduced. For each referred plant local names are given along with Russian and scientifi c Latin names, ethnic groups using these plants are given. Book contains characteristics of 141 species of plants from 40 families of natural fl ora. The work is illustrated with photographs presenting some points on plant cult in Altai. Book is a monument to ethnoculture, allowing preserving information on passing traditional values.