Home – Home – Jornals – Flora and Vegetation of Asian Russia 2020 number 1

For the first time were analysed lichen complexes of the mountain darkconiferous phytocoenosis of the forest belt of Republic Tyva.

52 lichen species (30 epigeous species and 22 epiphytic species) were discovered in reclaimed sludge pits of 8 oil fi elds. Hypogymnia subduplicata is a new species for West Siberia and Gyalolechia fl avorubescens is a new species for KhMAO-Yugra. Frequency of occurrence for majority of lichen species is smaller than 20 %. Some lichens, for example Cladonia gracilis , C. cornuta , C. deformis, occur more frequently than other (frequency of occurrence exeeds 50 %). Some individuals of epigeous lichens in the area adjacent to oil production sites were dead. Th alluses of some epiphytic lichens were damaged and lichens were dying even in locations with reclaimed sludge pits.

On the basis of studying the mesophyll of leaves at 69 species of plants of the Roaceae family from 49 genera and 29 species of plants of the Pinaceae family from 6 genera, information on cells of complex shape in connection with their configurations and features of location was generalized. Additionally, the data on the cellular organization of the stem chlorenchyma and generative organs for 38 species of grasses were also used. The common features in the structure of grasses and pine chlorenchyma are revealed. It is shown that the assimilative cells of complex shape are oriented by their folds and projections in three mutually perpendicular directions, so three groups are distinguished among them: cellular cells of the first and second groups, as well as lobed or folded cells. Cellular cells are located along the photosynthetic organ and differ in more or less uniform sections, while in the cells of the first group they are perpendicular to the epidermis, and in the cells of the second group - are parallel to it. In lobed cells, various protrusions of the envelope manifest on the cross-sections. There are variants of the structure of chlorenchyma with the even development of all cells or with the predominance of one or another group. Along with flat cells of complex shape, many species of grasses and pine have more complicated spatial cellular configurations. More often there are cells in which the the lobed outlines on the transverse sections are combined with the cellular contours in the longitudinal direction, while the structure of the assimilation tissue is preserved.

In the work the results of studying 10 populations of Hedysarum setigerum Turcz. ex Fisch. et C.A. Mey. in the South of Siberia (Mountain Altai, Tuva, Baikal coast). Ontogenesis of this species in nature and in introduction experiment was studied, during which of the main root caudex life form was formed. Identifi ed three types of ontogenetic spectra of populations: centered in a low-disturbed coenosis, left-hand spectrum under moderate pasture load, right-hand spectrum under strong pasture load and recreation presure.

In the South of Western Siberia there are 19 species of the genus Thymus, including the recently described for science - Th. kamelinii Vasjukov and new for Russia - Th. rasitatus Klokov; the following is the abstract and a key for their determination.

The structure of synflorescences, the flowering of the main-florescences, co-florescences and partial florescences, as well as the perfect and pistillate flowers of Prunella vulgaris L. ( Lamiaceae) have been studied. Observations were carried out in 2016-2019 according to generally accepted methods in the Moscow region. It has been shown that the floral unit of P. vulgaris is an open bracteose thyrsus, which may be apical and unique. There are three types of synfl orescences in P. vulgaris : a single terminal thyrsus, a closed raceme or panicle of such thyrsi. It was revealed that the bisexual flowers of P. vulgaris are adichogamous (androecium and gynoecium in flowers mature at the same time). It has been established that the lifetime of bisexual fl owers is 2-4 days, and one of pistillate flowers is 4-6 days. P. vulgaris is characterized by the morning rhythm of the opening of bisexual and pistillate flowers. It has been shown that the opening of flowers in the floral units of P. vulgaris occurs in the acropetal sequence. Blooming of the floral units of the paraclades in the synflorescence occurs in the basipetal order.

Ecological-phytocenotic and fl oristic classification of forests of Tuva has been carried out. According to ecologicalphytocenotic classification, they belong to 21 association groups from 5 formations of 3 formation groups of 2 formation classes; according to floristic one - to 12 associations and 4 subassociations from 7 alliances of 5 orders of 3 classes. Comparative characteristic of layer structure in forests has been performed. Altitudinal zonal types of forests have been revealed, the boundaries of bioclimatic sectors have been specified, geobotanical review of forests of Tuva has been presented.

The long-term observation data on the species composition and productivity changes in the herb-bluegrass steppe meadow under Trifolium medium strip sowing are presented. This species was introduced into the forest-steppe of Western Siberia by Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the SB RAS. It is shown that after intrusion into the natural community, T. medium exhibits a high degree of adaptation, successfully competing with representatives of the phytocenosis. A positive eff ect of T. medium on the main dominant of the grass stand, Poa angustifolia , and a negative effect on the species of herbs, including those dominating in the natural community, as Filipendula vulgaris and Fragaria viridis , were noted. With intensive shoot formation of T. medium , mainly due to rhizomes, their total number grows up to the 7th year of life and is maintained at a high level (450-850 pcs/m²) more than 9 years with fluctuations over years. Due to T. medium participation the total productivity of the grass stand increased by 1.5-2.5 times.