Home – Home – Jornals – Flora and Vegetation of Asian Russia 2018 number 4

The results of study of pathogenic mycobiota biodiversity of Viola L. leaves of the collection of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS are presented in the article. The composition of Viola L. leaf pathogenes involving 8 species has been determined for Western Siberia for the first time. Pathocomplexes are described. The micromycetes Ascochyta violae , Cercospora violae , Phyllosticta violae and Septoria violae form the basis of pathogenic complexes. Similarity measure of micromycetes composition of the plant leaves is assessed. More than half of comparison variants showed a reliably high similarity of the mycobiota (K_SC = 1.0-0.6). It has been established that, under studied conditions, pycnidial fungi formed sporulation organs of different degrees of ripeness towards the end of vegetation period.

For the first time, 18 species of lichens, Arthrorhaphis citrinella , Normandina pulchella , Placynthiella uliginosa , Baeomyces carneus , B. placophyllus , Evernia esorediosa , Icmadophila elveloides , Japewia tornoënsis , Masonhalea inermis , Melanohalea infumata , M. septentrionalis , Montanelia tominii , Mycoblastus sanguinarius , Nephroma expal lidum , Physconia muscigena , Porpidia fl avicunda , Pseudephebe pubescens , Psora rubiformis are reported for the North-Eastern Priokhotye, the territory encompassing the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, separated from the inner mainland area of the Magadan Region by the mountain ranges of the Kolyma-Okhotsk watershed. Th ree fi rst species are new for the Magadan Region. Data on localities and habitats of species, and also their distributions in the Russian Far East are provided. Issues of taxonomy and chorology of some disputable species are discussed. It is indicated that it is necessary to carry out a molecular phylogenetic study of Montanelia tominii s. l. on extensive herbarium materials from all parts of its range, with the mandatory inclusion of East Siberian and Far Eastern specimens.

Th e family Primulaceae Batch. ex Bork was proposed as model object for the development of a scanning technique and the information entry into a virtual herbarium and the database of the Herbarium CSBG. In M.G. Popov Herbarium (NSK) 3111 herbarium specimens from 14 genera, 98 species and 9 subspecies are stored. In I.M. Krasnoborov Herbarium (NS) 1917 herbarium specimens from 8 genera, 112 species and 16 subspecies are stored. To date, 5028 herbarium specimens of the family Primulaceae from NSK and NS collections have been digitized according to international standards. Virtual herbarium is constantly replenished with digitized images of herbarium specimens and is available for external users on the Internet (http://84.237.85.99:8081). Th e analysis of herbarium label metadata was carried out in the following three modules: taxonomic, geographic and historical. The taxonomic database of CSBG Herbarium is compatible with the international resource Catalogue of Life.

The systematic composition of the genus Populus L. and its sections has by now remained controversial. Th e traditional application of methods of comparative morphology does not always allow us to identify stable features for the delimitation of taxon. This work presents studies of the anatomical and topographical structure of the petioles of leaves and the distribution of stomata on the leaf blade of the species of the Tacamahaca section common in the northern latitudes, including the disputed East Asian taxon P. koreana , P. suaveolens and P. maximowiczii . Th e most important signs for diagnosing and identifying species of balsamic poplars are: the shape of the cross-section of the petiole in the upper part and the contour of its adaxial side. In general, the anatomical and topographic structure of the petioles of the species of the Tacamahaca section is very similar. They are characterized by: the development of a continuous layer of an angular-lamellar collenchyma under the epidermis, which has a relatively small total cross-sectional area occurs; gradual transition from an angular-lamellar collenchyma to a parenchyma; powerful development of chlorenchyme with large intercellular spaces on the adaxial side; high arched arrangement of the conductive system; the presence of a trough on the adaxial side. Analysis of the epidermis P. maximowiczii , P. koreana and P. suaveolens showed that on the shortened shoots the leaf plates of this taxon are hypostomatic and can not be distinguished by this feature, but they differ in the signs of petyolar anatomy.

The article contains information about the type materials for 18 taxa of the genera Astragalus and Oxytropis from family Fabaceae kept in M.G. Popov Herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS (NSK), Herbariums of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE) and Moscow State University (MW). The type category is indicated, text of the original label and text of protologue are cited for each specimen. 104 type specimens were found in collections, including 7 lectotypes, 17 isolectotypes, 11 holotypes, 24 isotypes, 2 syntypes, 37 paratypes and 6 authentic specimens. Lectotypes for name of 7 taxa were designated: Astragalus chorinensis Bunge var. popovii Peschkova, Oxytropis adenophylla Popov, O. ircutensis Popov, O. oxyphylla (Pall.) DC. var. argentatifolia Popov , O. oxyphylloides Popov, O. peschkovae Popov, O. tompudae Popov. Information about the 2 isotypes, 32 isolectotypes, 1 paratype from the largest virtual herbaria of the world are cited.

Biological peculiarities of Th ymus praecox Opiz ( Lamiaceae ) were studied in West Siberia in 2011-2018. It was determined that, when introduced to the new area, the species developed as a summer-wintergreen perennial. Th e plant passed through all the phases of seasonal development, bloomed and bore fruit regularly, retained green foliage in winter. Examination of sexual diff erentiation showed that the introduced species had only bisexual flowers. A histological study of buds’ anatomy revealed that fruit buds formed in the spring of a subsequent year.

Ontomorphogenesis of the short-rhizomed life form of the species is described. Five coenopopulations of Phlomoides tuberosa (L.) Moench were studied in the south of Siberia (Mountain Altai, Khakassia. Tuva). Th ree types of ontogenetic spectrums of coenopopulations were identified: left-sided in conditions of enhanced anthropogenic impact, bimodal under moderate pasture load and centered in a low-disturbed cenosis. Th e optimum state of P. tuberosa coenopopulations is reached in open, fairly moistened meadow and meadow-steppe communities experiencing moderate anthropogenic impact. Under these conditions, developed generative individuals of P. tuberosa are formed and its regular seed renewal is ensured.

Microevolutionary relationships among Siberian species Elymus komarovii and E. transbaicalensis in comparison with some accessions of reference species of E. sajanensis and E. kronokensis were studied by the ISSR-marking method. The used set of primers has shown efficiency for identification intra- and interspecific genetic differentiation of the studied species. Previously obtained evidence that species characters overlap as a result of introgressive hybridization were confi rmed. The close relations of species genomes provide normalization of seed fertility of spontaneous hybrids in next generations. Therefore, the individuals combining characters of two or more species are found in the mixed populations. In that case similar morphotypes may diff er signifi cantly from each other genetically.

On the territory of the 24 natural monuments of the Novosibirsk region was discovered new locations of 19 species of vascular plants included in the Red List of the Novosibirsk region, 1 species new to Novosibirsk region.

As a result of field research conducted in July-August 2018, a number of alien species of flowering plants were identified, which are new and rare for certain areas of the Prieniseyskaya Siberia. For the first time in the region, three species were found, namely Carduus acanthoides , Ixeridium gramineum , and Verbascum lychnitis . Th ere were seven species new for the Republic of Tyva ( Achillea nobilis , Conyza canadensis , Ixeridium gramineum , Sisymbrium altissimum , Cynoglossum offi cinale , Portulaca oleracea , Verbascum lychnitis ). Three species ( Carduus acanthoides , Centaurea pseudomaculosa , Chrysaspis campestris ) turned to be new for the Krasnoyarsk Territory, and two species ( Oenothera biennis , Saponaria offi cinalis ) are novelties for Khakassia. In addition, new locations of several rare in the region alien plant species ( Centaurea jacea , Helianthus tuberosus , Inula helenium , Oenothera villosa , Xanthium strumarium ) are indicated. The article provides information on the locations of all these species.

The article describes for the first time the results of the investigation of the initial stages of natural revegetation of the coal combustion ash dump (3 study sites, differing in water content) in the forest-steppe zone in the south of West Siberia (near Thermal Power Station 5, Novosibirsk, Russia). The primary succession of the vegetation on the dump is dominated by grasses and herbs, of which 38 species, alongside with 5 tree species and 7 moss species, were found. Under soil nutrients deficit soil water content is the main factor driving the dump revegetation rate. Transition from the open plant community with 80 % projective cover to the successional stages dominated by grasses and herbs is described. Grasses dominated by Calamagrostis epigeios were found to account for most of the above-ground phytomass. Synanthropic species such as Berteroa incana, Artemisia vulgaris, Lepidium ruderale and some others were also found. The vertical structure of the plant communities could be described as the ground type. Th e standing phytomass in the 10th year of revegetation of the ash dump was estimated as 150 kg/ha in the open plant community, 2800 kg/ha in the reed-smallreed community and 3770 kg/ha of the air-dried mass in the sweet-cloversmallreed community. The aboveground phytomass exceeded the belowground one in each studied dump sites.

The composition and content of phenolic compounds and chemical elements have been studied in Padus avium leaves from various growing conditions in the south of Western Siberia. In water-ethanol extracts of leaves, analyzed using the HPLC method, 10 major components were detected, including: gallic, caffeic, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, isoquercitrin and astragalin. The content of the sum of phenolic compounds, among which quercetin derivatives predominate, was from 0.9 to 2.7 %. The elemental chemical composition was determined aft er dry ashing by atomic emission spectrographic analysis. As a whole samples from different ecotopes are not diff erent statistically. Cd and Pb content did not exceed the MPC for medicinal plant materials.

The kariological of the works which are carried out to CSBG SB RAS during the period from 2013 to 2017 is brought the review.