|
|
2021 year, number 3
|
O.D. Nikiforova
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: genera Mertensia, stigma, papillae
Abstract >>
Morphological characters of stigmas in 26 Asian and North American species of the genus Mertensia Roth (Boraginaceae) were studied using a scanning electron microscope. It is noted that there are 3 types of stigmas in the genus: flat, with a depression in the center; weakly or noticeably bi-lobed and spherical. In most species of the genus Mertensia, papillae have a short, barely noticeable stem and a lobed or spherical cap. We have designated this form of papillae with a new term - modified lageniform (modified bottle-shaped). For two species of the subgenus Steenhammera (Reichenb.) O.D. Nikif. characteristic papillae are vermiform (worm-like). The shape of the papillae confirms the earlier conclusion about the relationship of the North American species M. virginica (L.) G. Don fil. and Altai endemics M. bracteata (Willd. ex Schult. et Roem.) R. Kam. and M. meyeriana Macbride. It is shown that M. sibirica stands alone in the type sub-section of the Mertensia section, but shows kinship to the North American species M. arizonica Greene. In the species of the section Pterocarpeae Popov ex O.D. Nikif. papillae have a unique shape (4-8 multi-lobed deeply dissected caps with smooth surface), which confirms the validity of their inclusion in an separate section. In the section Alpinae O.D. Nikif. the papillae shape of the of M. lanceolata and M. longiflora differs from the other studied species of the section. It is shown that the features of papillae correlate with the features of the sectional and subsectional rank and can be used in the taxonomy of the genus.
|
|
G.K. Zvereva1,2
1Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agro-Bio Technologies, RAS, Krasnoobsk, Russia
Keywords: festucoid grasses, anatomy, leaves, glumes of spikelets, spatial organization of chlorenchyma, cellular cells, lobate cells
Abstract >>
The structural regulation of photosynthesis is based on the features of the organization of plant chlorenchyma at the cellular and tissue levels. In the chlorenchyma of grasses, there is wide presence of cells of complex shape with pronounced folds and projections, among which cellular and lobed cells are distinguished. The aim of this study was to compare the structure of chlorenchyma, parameters and the three-dimensional form of assimilative cells in the vegetative and generative organs at festucoid grasses. On the example of 25 species of festucoid grasses of different ecological groups growing in Western Siberia, a comparative study of the spatial organization of photosynthetic tissue in leaf blades, leaf sheaths and glumes of spikelets was carried out. Plant samples were fixed in a Gammalund mixture. Transverse and longitudinal sections were made in the middle part of the leaf blades and glumes and in the upper part of the leaf sheaths. In the description of chlorenchyma cells were allocated simple (with straight or slightly wavy walls) and complex (differing in branching of walls) forms of assimilative cells. Cells of complex shape can be flat if complex contours exist only in one direction or multi-complex if they are found in two or three directions. It is shown that in glumes of spikelets, in comparison with the leaf blades, the thickness is reduced and the structure of the chlorenchyma is simplified, while the density of chloroplasts sharply decreases, which may indicate a weakening of the photosynthetic function. At the same time, for the glumes of spikelets are characterized by the complication of spatial cellular configurations in comparison with leaves, mainly due to the predominance of cellular cells of different degrees of expression up to thrice complex cellular-lobed, having lobular contours in a cross-section and cellular in longitudinal direction. The cells are arranged in rows along the organ and come into contact with the cells of the neighboring row in mainly convex parts, which leads to an increase in the intercellular space. In general, in the glumes of spikelets of festucoid cereals in comparison with leaves the assimilatory cells differ in more complex shapes, smaller cross-sectional area and more elongated in the longitudinal direction, which, possibly, creates a structural basis for enhancing gas exchange and to some extent can compensate for a decrease in the development of chlorenchyma.
|
|
G.S. Taran
West-Siberian Division of V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, SB RAS - Branch of FRC Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: alluvial vegetation, ephemeral wetland vegetation, syntaxonomy, Isoëto-Nanojuncetea
Abstract >>
The aim of the article is to characterize the communities dominated by Cyperus fuscus spread in the steppe zone of Western Siberia and Eastern Kazakhstan. The material was collected on the floodplains of the Aley River (surroundings of Rubtsovsk, Altai Territory, Russia) and the Irtysh one (Semipalatinsk, Republic of Kazakhstan). The communities studied are described as Crypsio schoenoidis-Cyperetum fusci ass. nov. (Eleocharition soloniensis Philippi 1968, Nanocyperetalia Klika 1935, Isoëto-Nanojuncetea Br. Bl. et Tx. in Br. Bl. et al. 1952). Nomenclature type of the association (holotypus) is relevé 1 (Table 1): Altai Territory, Rubtsovsky district, surroundings of the city of Rubtsovsk and the village of Polovinkino (512345 N, 811250 E), right low water bank of the Aley River, 06.08.1996, G.S. Taran. Diagnostic species: Cyperus fuscus (dominant), Crypsis schoenoides, Spergularia echinosperma. Ass. Crypsio schoenoidis-Cyperetum fusci includes two variants. Var. typica (Table 1, relevés 1-5) is spread on the Aley floodplain. The communities occupy silty areas underlain by crushed shale (rel. 1-3) or sands (rel. 4-5). Var. Persicaria scabra (Table 1, rel. 6-10) was recorded at a distance of 133 km west of the village of Polovinkino. The relevés were made on Polkovnichy Island (Semipalatinsk) in a deep depression (502345.3 N, 801504.3 E) on the plots covered from the surface by a thin (0.5-1 cm) layer of silt. Below there was a layer of coarse sand 4-22 cm thick, underlain by pebbles. Ground water was opened at a depth of 22-30 cm. The plots were exposed from water 57 days before the date of completion of the relevés. Cyperus fuscus communities of the steppe zone can be considered as a derivative of the northern Cypero-Limoselletum riccietosum frostii Taran 2019. A similar picture is observed in Central Europe: the Cypero-Limoselletum (Oberd. 1957) Korneck 1960 and Eleocharito-Caricetum bohemicae Klika 1935, which are widespread in the forest zone, are replaced by the Cypero-Juncetum bufonii Soó et Csűrös (1936) 1944 in the steppe Pannonian region. Replacing forest-steppe associations Cypero-Limoselletum and Eleocharito-Caricetum bohemicae in the steppe zone of Western Siberia and Eastern Kazakhstan, ass. Crypsio schoenoidis-Cyperetum fusci acts as the East Kazakhstan - West Siberian vicariant of the European Cypero-Juncetum bufonii. When comparing the Crypsio schoenoidis-Cyperetum fusci with European analogues, it was found that Cyperetum micheliani sensu Šumberová 2011 sharply differs from Cyperetum micheliani Horvatić 1931 and therefore it is preferable to interpret it as Cypero-Juncetum bufonii; Eleocharito acicularis-Limoselletum aquaticae sensu Kovalenko 2014 should be attributed to the Cypero fusci-Limoselletum aquaticae (Oberd. 1957) Korneck 1960.
|
|
S.V. Asbaganov, A.V. Lokteva, T.A. Nedovesova
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: mountain ash, vegetative propagation, IBA, cuttings, hip-budding
Abstract >>
The study of the ability to vegetative propagation by green cuttings in comparison with spring and summer grafting of selected forms and varieties of the genus Sorbus L., from the collection of the CSBS SB RAS, Novosibirsk, was carried out. The objects of the study were selected forms of Siberian mountain ash, common mountain ash, varieties, and interspecific hybrids. The effect of the cuttings type, root-forming stimulators IBA (50 mg/L), Tellurium-M (1 %), quercetin (15 mg/L), and conditions for growing rooted cuttings was studied. In the grafting experiments, the methods of spring grafting and summer hip-budding were used. It is established that different forms of Siberian mountain ash exhibit significant variability in their ability to rhizogenesis under different conditions, which may allow us to achieve a higher percentage of rootability by varying these conditions. When rooting Siberian mountain ash with green cuttings from the entire terminal growth of the current year with a plot of last years wood treated with IBA, a high percentage of cuttings with callus (50 %) and with roots (27 %) was observed. The rootability of green cuttings of varietal mountain ash depended on the origin of the variety. In the Nevezhinskaya mountain ash, cuttings practically do not take root and do not form a callus even when treated with stimulants. Cuttings of the varieties Alaya krupnaya and Burka take root well without treatment with stimulants. Treatment with stimulators of IBA, Tellurium-M with rearing for the second year in the greenhouse allows you to get a high percentage of rooting and further preservation of cuttings. The efficiency of vegetative reproduction by summer hip-budding is on average from 92 to 100 %. During the spring grafting, the survival rate of grafting on average was from 38 (Nevezhinskaya) to 86 % (Sorbus sibirica f. ITPM-1), but the seedlings grafted by spring grafting develop with less intensity compared to the summer hip-budding. The effectiveness of summer hip-budding decreases depending on the calendar dates of grafting from 100 % on July 15 to 88 % by August 15. Based on the data obtained, in the conditions of Novosibirsk, the best way to propagate mountain ash is summer hip-budding.
|
|
D.G. Melnikov1, V.A. Glazunov2, O.G. Baranova1, N.V. Zolotareva3, E.N. Podgaevskaya3, A.S. Tretyakova4, T.G. Ivchenko1, N.Yu. Grudanov5, E.D. Lapshina6, S.A. Nikolaenko2, I.V. Filippov6, P.V. Kondratkov4, S.A. Senator7
1Komarov Botanical Institute, RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia
2Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Institute of the problems of Northern development, Tyumen, Russia
3Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia
4Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
5Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia
6Yugorsk State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
7Tsitsyn Main Botanical Garden of the RAS, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: aboriginal flora, Red Book, new localities, rare plant species, Komi Republic, Tatarstan Republic, Udmurt Republic, Sverdlovsk Region, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Chelyabinsk Region, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Abstract >>
In the flora of the Urals and adjacent territories for the period from 2011 to 2020, new localities of rare plant species were revealed. Some of them are included in the federal and regional Red Data Books. The article presents the most interesting findings for 28 aboriginal plant species, previously unpublished. For the Eastern macroscline of the Circumpolar Urals, Cypripedium guttatum and Juncus stygius are given for the first time. For the first time for the Republic of Tatarstan, Echinochloa tzvelevii is given, for the Udmurt Republic - Veronica heureka. Some finds were made for the first time in specially protected natural areas (Juncus stygius).
|
|
D.G. Chimitov, O.A. Anenkhonov, B.B. Naidanov
Institute of General and Experimental Biology, SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russia
Keywords: floral records, Red data book, Baikal region, Transbaikalia
Abstract >>
New localities for 10 rare vascular plant species listed in the Red Data Books of the Republic of Buryatia and Trans-Baikal Territory are noted: Asplenium altajense, Cypripedium macranthos, Epipogium aphyllum, Krascheninnikovia ceratoides, Nymphaea tetragona, Oxytropis glandulosa, O. lanata, O. sylvatica, O. triphylla, Stipa glareosa. The latter species - Stipa glareosa, is recommended to be listed in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Buryatia. The distance to closest known localities for every newly found ones are indicated.
|
|
V.M. Doronkin, N.V. Vlasova, K.S. Baikov
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, CSBG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Leonid I. Malyshev, history of botany, Siberia, alpine flora, comparative floristics, florogenetics, systematics, summary “Flora of Siberia”, scientific heritage, organizational activity, CSBS SB RAS
Abstract >>
Professor Leonid Ivanovich Malyshev (1931-2014) is one of the key figures in the study of the flora of Siberia in the second half of the XX century. Researcher of the alpine flora of Central Siberia. Initiator and organizer, one of the authors of the multi-volume summary «Flora of Siberia (1987-2003). He made a significant contribution to the comprehensive analysis and zoning of the flora of Siberia using various mathematical methods. A brief overview of his scientific works and organizational activities, both in the CSBS SB RAS, and in Siberia as a whole, is given.
|
|
