Composition of essential oil Artemisia gmelinii Web. ex Stechm. of Рriolkhonian flora (Lake Baikal)
S. V. ZHIGZHITZHAPOVA1, B.-Ts. B. NAMZALOV2,3, L. D. RADNAEVA1
1Baikal Institute of Nature Management of SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russia
2Buryat Research Institute of Agriculture, Ulan-Ude, Russia
3Banzarov Burgat State University, Ulan-Ude, Russia
Keywords: subsection Abrotanum, essential oils, component composition, hydrodistillation, chromatography-mass spectrometry
Abstract
Artemisia gmelinii Web. ex Stechm. is a shrub, mesoxerophyte, pan-Asian area. A. gmelinii has found application in folk medicine. The composition essential oil has been studied for plants growing in different parts of the area. This article demonstrated on the composition of essential oils of plants growing of the Рriolkhonian flora (Lake Baikal), in particular in Aya Bay. Raw materials were collected during expeditionary work in 2019. Essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation from air-dried raw materials in the year of collection. Oil analysis was performed by chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data on the composition of the essential oil for visualization were processed using the principal component analysis. The γ-amorphous, isochumbertiol B, caryophyllide oxide, caryophylla-4 (12), 8 (13) -diene-5α-ol, ylangenol, caryophyllylene and cabrevia oxide B are dominant components of the essential oil of plants from Aya Bay. Based on our own and published data we show that the component composition of essential oils is the result of the action of abiotic and biotic environmental factors and and ensures the best adaptation of plants to growing conditions. On the other hand, regardless of the place of plant growth, the directions of biosynthesis of the constituent essential oils are preserved, which makes it possible to distinguish various chemotypes of essential oils. The composition of the essential oils can be divided into two chemotypes: the “Indian” is characterized by a high content of irregular monoterpenoids in the composition and the “Siberian” - of monoterpenoids such as Menthane terpenoids. Among the plants of the “Siberian” chemotype, there is a tendency to the formation of two lines - the western with a prevalence of camphor terpenoids (camphor, borneol, etc.). In the eastern (alpine) sector of the range, the accumulation of sesquiterpenic compounds in essential oils.
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